TY - GEN
T1 - Watermarking with fixed decoder for aesthetic 2D barcode
AU - Kuribayashi, Minoru
AU - Chang, Ee Chien
AU - Funabiki, Nobuo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - An aesthetic 2D-barcode, e.g. QR code, carries a given message in the payload and yet its visual appearance resembles another given logo image. The requirement of embedding a message in a “cover” image is similar to digital watermarking but with a crucial difference that, for the aesthetic 2D-barcode, the decoder is predetermined and fixed. Hence the designs and performances of the aesthetic 2D-barcode heavily rely on the predetermined decoder. In this paper, we focus on the underlying systematic encoding function in QR code. We first formulate a framework that optimizes the visual appearance of the codeword and yet meets the coding requirement. Since finding such an optimal codeword is computationally expensive, we next propose a heuristic to search for a feasible solution, and incorporate image processing operations to enhance the visual appearance. Although our method is designed for QR code, our approach can be applied to other 2D-barcodes that employ similar coding mechanisms of error correction code.
AB - An aesthetic 2D-barcode, e.g. QR code, carries a given message in the payload and yet its visual appearance resembles another given logo image. The requirement of embedding a message in a “cover” image is similar to digital watermarking but with a crucial difference that, for the aesthetic 2D-barcode, the decoder is predetermined and fixed. Hence the designs and performances of the aesthetic 2D-barcode heavily rely on the predetermined decoder. In this paper, we focus on the underlying systematic encoding function in QR code. We first formulate a framework that optimizes the visual appearance of the codeword and yet meets the coding requirement. Since finding such an optimal codeword is computationally expensive, we next propose a heuristic to search for a feasible solution, and incorporate image processing operations to enhance the visual appearance. Although our method is designed for QR code, our approach can be applied to other 2D-barcodes that employ similar coding mechanisms of error correction code.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85013466460&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-319-53465-7_28
DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-53465-7_28
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85013466460
SN - 9783319534640
T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
SP - 379
EP - 392
BT - Digital Forensics and Watermarking - 15th International Workshop, IWDW 2016, Revised Selected Papers
A2 - Kim, Hyoung Joong
A2 - Liu, Feng
A2 - Perez-Gonzalez, Fernando
A2 - Shi, Yun Qing
PB - Springer Verlag
T2 - 15th International Workshop on Digital-Forensics and Watermarking, IWDW 2016
Y2 - 17 September 2016 through 19 September 2016
ER -