Surface crystallization and second-order optical non-linearity in Gd ₂O₃-Bi₂O₃-B₂O ₃ glasses

Engineering & Materials Science

• Crystallization 100%
• Crystals 91%
• Glass 73%
• Needles 48%
• Optical glass 35%
• Harmonic generation 34%
• Raman scattering 33%
• Refractive index 30%
• Glass transition 26%
• Superconducting transition temperature 25%
• Crystalline materials 24%
• Microscopes 22%
• Heat treatment 19%
• Temperature 18%

Chemical Compounds

• Crystal Habit 71%
• Crystallization 64%
• Glass 63%
• Needle Like Crystal 39%
• Surface 29%
• Plate Like Crystal 28%
• Second-Harmonic Generation 21%
• Crystallization Point 19%
• Crystallization Behavior 19%
• Refractive Index 17%
• Heat Treatment 15%
• Glass Transition Temperature 15%
• Shape 12%
• Application 5%