Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and cell-cycle decoy therapy of cancer

Cancer cells in G₀/G₁ are resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy agents which kill only cycling cancer cells. Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) decoyed cancer cells in monolayer culture and in tumor spheres to cycle from G₀ /G₁ to S/G₂ /M, as demonstrated by fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) imaging. S. typhimurium A1-R targeted FUCCI-expressing subcutaneous tumors, and tumors growing on the liver, growing in nude mice and also decoyed quiescent cancer cells, which were the majority of the cells in the tumors, to cycle from G₀ /G₁ to S/G₂ /M. The S. typhimurium A1-R-decoyed cancer cells became sensitive to cytotoxic agents.