Musculoskeletal rehabilitation and bone. A novel approach to mechanotransduction using cell-adhesion-patterned cells

Human vascular endothelial cells form the interface between the bloodstream and vessel walls and are continuously subjected to mechanical stimulation. When endothelial cells are stretched cyclically, along one axis, they align perpendicular to the axis of stretch. We previously reported that applying a cyclic, uni-axial strain to cells induced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase. However, it is difficult to quantify and analyze the spatial distribution of tyrosine phosphorylation in these cells, as they form focal adhesions randomly. Recently, we developed a system to overcome this problem by preparing individual, uniform, patterned cells that could be stretched cyclically and uni-axially. In this system we were able to statistically analyze cellular responses in these patterned cells, when subjected to a cyclic, uni-axial strain, using fluorescent microscopy.