Abstract
BACKGROUND: Yellow tongue coating is one of the clinical signs for diabetes mellitus according to traditional East Asian medicine. Few reports have been available on the association between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the general population. We examined that association among population samples of non-smoking men and women.
METHODS: The study subjects were Japanese non-smoking men (n = 315) and women (n = 654) aged 30-79 years who resided in Toon city and participated in the Toon Health Study from July 2011 through November 2014. Tongue coating was assessed by a nationally licensed acupuncturist and classified into three categories of white (normal), light yellow, and yellow. We performed an oral glucose tolerance test to confirm the presence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. The associations between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes were examined using multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, drinking status, and physical activity.
RESULTS: The multivariable odds ratios of diabetes mellitus were 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-2.67) for light yellow tongue coating and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.16-4.30) for yellow tongue coating compared with white tongue coating. The respective multivariable odds ratios of prediabetes were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.80-1.61) and 1.43 (95% CI, 0.96-2.12).
CONCLUSIONS: Yellow tongue coating was associated with higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and tended to be associated with that of prediabetes among Japanese non-smoking men and women.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 287-291 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Journal of Epidemiology |
| Volume | 28 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jun 5 2018 |
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Keywords
- cross-sectional study
- diabetes mellitus
- oral glucose tolerance test
- traditional East Asian medicine
- yellow tongue coating
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Epidemiology
Cite this
Yellow Tongue Coating is Associated With Diabetes Mellitus Among Japanese Non-smoking Men and Women : The Toon Health Study. / Tomooka, Kiyohide; Saito, Isao; Furukawa, Shinya; Maruyama, Koutatsu; Eguchi, Eri; Iso, Hiroyasu; Tanigawa, Takeshi.
In: Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 28, No. 6, 05.06.2018, p. 287-291.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Yellow Tongue Coating is Associated With Diabetes Mellitus Among Japanese Non-smoking Men and Women
T2 - The Toon Health Study
AU - Tomooka, Kiyohide
AU - Saito, Isao
AU - Furukawa, Shinya
AU - Maruyama, Koutatsu
AU - Eguchi, Eri
AU - Iso, Hiroyasu
AU - Tanigawa, Takeshi
PY - 2018/6/5
Y1 - 2018/6/5
N2 - BACKGROUND: Yellow tongue coating is one of the clinical signs for diabetes mellitus according to traditional East Asian medicine. Few reports have been available on the association between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the general population. We examined that association among population samples of non-smoking men and women.METHODS: The study subjects were Japanese non-smoking men (n = 315) and women (n = 654) aged 30-79 years who resided in Toon city and participated in the Toon Health Study from July 2011 through November 2014. Tongue coating was assessed by a nationally licensed acupuncturist and classified into three categories of white (normal), light yellow, and yellow. We performed an oral glucose tolerance test to confirm the presence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. The associations between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes were examined using multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, drinking status, and physical activity.RESULTS: The multivariable odds ratios of diabetes mellitus were 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-2.67) for light yellow tongue coating and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.16-4.30) for yellow tongue coating compared with white tongue coating. The respective multivariable odds ratios of prediabetes were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.80-1.61) and 1.43 (95% CI, 0.96-2.12).CONCLUSIONS: Yellow tongue coating was associated with higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and tended to be associated with that of prediabetes among Japanese non-smoking men and women.
AB - BACKGROUND: Yellow tongue coating is one of the clinical signs for diabetes mellitus according to traditional East Asian medicine. Few reports have been available on the association between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the general population. We examined that association among population samples of non-smoking men and women.METHODS: The study subjects were Japanese non-smoking men (n = 315) and women (n = 654) aged 30-79 years who resided in Toon city and participated in the Toon Health Study from July 2011 through November 2014. Tongue coating was assessed by a nationally licensed acupuncturist and classified into three categories of white (normal), light yellow, and yellow. We performed an oral glucose tolerance test to confirm the presence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. The associations between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes were examined using multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, drinking status, and physical activity.RESULTS: The multivariable odds ratios of diabetes mellitus were 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-2.67) for light yellow tongue coating and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.16-4.30) for yellow tongue coating compared with white tongue coating. The respective multivariable odds ratios of prediabetes were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.80-1.61) and 1.43 (95% CI, 0.96-2.12).CONCLUSIONS: Yellow tongue coating was associated with higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and tended to be associated with that of prediabetes among Japanese non-smoking men and women.
KW - cross-sectional study
KW - diabetes mellitus
KW - oral glucose tolerance test
KW - traditional East Asian medicine
KW - yellow tongue coating
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049237460&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85049237460&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2188/jea.JE20160169
DO - 10.2188/jea.JE20160169
M3 - Article
C2 - 29311441
AN - SCOPUS:85049237460
VL - 28
SP - 287
EP - 291
JO - Journal of Epidemiology
JF - Journal of Epidemiology
SN - 0917-5040
IS - 6
ER -