Visibility of vortex core in fermionic superfluid with population imbalance

In Fermionic superfluids with a vortex, at T = 0, the depletion of the atomic density appears in the core region, which is strongly associated with the discreteness of the core-bound state, called the Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon state. In imbalanced superfluid, however, it is found by the microscopic study based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes approximation that this quantum depletion is progressively filled out in majority spin species as population imbalance increases. In contrast, the minority species keeps the depletion, which enables the direct observation of "superfluidity", because the quantized vortex is a hallmark of superfluidity.