TY - JOUR
T1 - Vasopressin gene products are colocalised with corticotrophin-releasing factor within neurosecretory vesicles in the external zone of the median eminence of the Japanese macaque monkey (Macaca fuscata)
AU - Otubo, Akito
AU - Kawakami, Natsuko
AU - Maejima, Sho
AU - Ueda, Yasumasa
AU - Morris, John F.
AU - Sakamoto, Tatsuya
AU - Sakamoto, Hirotaka
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Professor Mitsuhiro Kawata, Professor Minoru Kimura, Professor Kazuhiro Yagita (Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan), Professor Masaki Isoda (National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan.), Professor Kae Nakamura (Kansai Medical University, Japan) and Dr Narumi Katsuyama (Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan) for providing the monkey tissues, their encouragement and/or critical discussion of this study. Tissues of Nihonzaru (Japanese macaque monkeys) were provided by National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) through the National Bio-Resource Project (NBRP) ?Nihonzaru' of the MEXT, Japan. We thank Keita Satoh (Kawasaki Medical School, Japan), Takumi Oti (Kanagawa University, Japan), Keiko Takanami (National Institutes of Genetics, Japan) and Yasuyo Okida (Okayama University, Japan) for technical support. This study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (to HS; 15K15202, 15KK0257, 15H05724 and 16H06280) and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (to HS; 961149).
Funding Information:
We thank Professor Mitsuhiro Kawata, Professor Minoru Kimura, Professor Kazuhiro Yagita (Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan), Professor Masaki Isoda (National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan.), Professor Kae Nakamura (Kansai Medical University, Japan) and Dr Narumi Katsuyama (Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan) for providing the monkey tissues, their encouragement and/or critical discussion of this study. Tissues of Nihonzaru (Japanese macaque monkeys) were provided by National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) through the National Bio‐Resource Project (NBRP) ‘Nihonzaru' of the MEXT, Japan. We thank Keita Satoh (Kawasaki Medical School, Japan), Takumi Oti (Kanagawa University, Japan), Keiko Takanami (National Institutes of Genetics, Japan) and Yasuyo Okida (Okayama University, Japan) for technical support. This study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (to HS; 15K15202, 15KK0257, 15H05724 and 16H06280) and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (to HS; 961149).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Neuroendocrinology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Society for Neuroendocrinology.
PY - 2020/8/1
Y1 - 2020/8/1
N2 - Arginine vasopressin (AVP), when released into portal capillaries with corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) from terminals of parvocellular neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), facilitates the secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in stressed rodents. The AVP gene encodes a propeptide precursor containing AVP, AVP-associated neurophysin II (NPII), and a glycopeptide copeptin, although it is currently unclear whether copeptin is always cleaved from the neurophysin and whether the NPII and/or copeptin have any functional role in the pituitary. Furthermore, for primates, it is unknown whether CRF, AVP, NPII and copeptin are all colocalised in neurosecretory vesicles in the terminal region of the paraventricular CRF neurone axons. Therefore, we investigated, by fluorescence and immunogold immunocytochemistry, the cellular and subcellular relationships of these peptides in the CRF- and AVP-producing cells in unstressed Japanese macaque monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the expression of both CRF and AVP mRNAs in the monkey PVH. As expected, in the magnocellular neurones of the PVH and supraoptic nucleus, essentially no CRF immunoreactivity could be detected in NPII-immunoreactive (AVP-producing) neurones. Immunofluorescence showed that, in the parvocellular part of the PVH, NPII was detectable in a subpopulation (approximately 39%) of the numerous CRF-immunoreactive neuronal perikarya, whereas, in the outer median eminence, NPII was more prominent (approximately 52%) in the CRF varicosities. Triple immunoelectron microscopy in the median eminence demonstrated the presence of both NPII and copeptin immunoreactivity in dense-cored vesicles of CRF-containing axons. The results are consistent with an idea that the AVP propeptide is processed and NPII and copeptin are colocalised in hypothalamic-pituitary CRF axons in the median eminence of a primate. The CRF, AVP and copeptin are all co-packaged in neurosecretory vesicles in monkeys and are thus likely to be co-released into the portal capillary blood to amplify ACTH release from the primate anterior pituitary.
AB - Arginine vasopressin (AVP), when released into portal capillaries with corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) from terminals of parvocellular neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), facilitates the secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in stressed rodents. The AVP gene encodes a propeptide precursor containing AVP, AVP-associated neurophysin II (NPII), and a glycopeptide copeptin, although it is currently unclear whether copeptin is always cleaved from the neurophysin and whether the NPII and/or copeptin have any functional role in the pituitary. Furthermore, for primates, it is unknown whether CRF, AVP, NPII and copeptin are all colocalised in neurosecretory vesicles in the terminal region of the paraventricular CRF neurone axons. Therefore, we investigated, by fluorescence and immunogold immunocytochemistry, the cellular and subcellular relationships of these peptides in the CRF- and AVP-producing cells in unstressed Japanese macaque monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the expression of both CRF and AVP mRNAs in the monkey PVH. As expected, in the magnocellular neurones of the PVH and supraoptic nucleus, essentially no CRF immunoreactivity could be detected in NPII-immunoreactive (AVP-producing) neurones. Immunofluorescence showed that, in the parvocellular part of the PVH, NPII was detectable in a subpopulation (approximately 39%) of the numerous CRF-immunoreactive neuronal perikarya, whereas, in the outer median eminence, NPII was more prominent (approximately 52%) in the CRF varicosities. Triple immunoelectron microscopy in the median eminence demonstrated the presence of both NPII and copeptin immunoreactivity in dense-cored vesicles of CRF-containing axons. The results are consistent with an idea that the AVP propeptide is processed and NPII and copeptin are colocalised in hypothalamic-pituitary CRF axons in the median eminence of a primate. The CRF, AVP and copeptin are all co-packaged in neurosecretory vesicles in monkeys and are thus likely to be co-released into the portal capillary blood to amplify ACTH release from the primate anterior pituitary.
KW - Japanese macaque monkey (Macaca fuscata)
KW - corticotrophin-releasing factor
KW - median eminence
KW - paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
KW - vasopressin
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U2 - 10.1111/jne.12875
DO - 10.1111/jne.12875
M3 - Article
C2 - 32715549
AN - SCOPUS:85088295630
VL - 32
JO - Journal of Neuroendocrinology
JF - Journal of Neuroendocrinology
SN - 0953-8194
IS - 8
M1 - e12875
ER -