TY - JOUR
T1 - Vagus nerve stimulation with mild stimulation intensity exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in parkinson’s disease model rats
AU - Kin, Ittetsu
AU - Sasaki, Tatsuya
AU - Yasuhara, Takao
AU - Kameda, Masahiro
AU - Agari, Takashi
AU - Okazaki, Mihoko
AU - Hosomoto, Kakeru
AU - Okazaki, Yosuke
AU - Yabuno, Satoru
AU - Kawauchi, Satoshi
AU - Kuwahara, Ken
AU - Morimoto, Jun
AU - Kin, Kyohei
AU - Umakoshi, Michiari
AU - Tomita, Yousuke
AU - Tajiri, Naoki
AU - Borlongan, Cesario V.
AU - Date, Isao
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was supported by scientific research grants from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan (09156274 and 24592129). All data collection, analysis, writing, and submission decisions were made by the authors of this manuscript, not by funding sources.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - Background: The major surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is deep brain stimulation (DBS), but a less invasive treatment is desired. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a relatively safe treatment without cerebral invasiveness. In this study, we developed a wireless controllable electrical stimulator to examine the efficacy of VNS on PD model rats. Methods: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent placement of a cuff-type electrode and stimulator on the vagus nerve. Following which, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was administered into the left striatum to prepare a PD model. VNS was started immediately after 6-OHDA administration and continued for 14 days. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of VNS with behavioral and immunohistochemical outcome assays under different stimulation intensity (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mA). Results: VNS with 0.25–0.5 mA intensity remarkably improved behavioral impairment, preserved dopamine neurons, reduced inflammatory glial cells, and increased noradrenergic neurons. On the other hand, VNS with 0.1 mA and 1 mA intensity did not display significant therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: VNS with 0.25–0.5 mA intensity has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects on PD model rats induced by 6-OHDA administration. In addition, we were able to confirm the practicality and effectiveness of the new experimental device.
AB - Background: The major surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is deep brain stimulation (DBS), but a less invasive treatment is desired. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a relatively safe treatment without cerebral invasiveness. In this study, we developed a wireless controllable electrical stimulator to examine the efficacy of VNS on PD model rats. Methods: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent placement of a cuff-type electrode and stimulator on the vagus nerve. Following which, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was administered into the left striatum to prepare a PD model. VNS was started immediately after 6-OHDA administration and continued for 14 days. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of VNS with behavioral and immunohistochemical outcome assays under different stimulation intensity (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mA). Results: VNS with 0.25–0.5 mA intensity remarkably improved behavioral impairment, preserved dopamine neurons, reduced inflammatory glial cells, and increased noradrenergic neurons. On the other hand, VNS with 0.1 mA and 1 mA intensity did not display significant therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: VNS with 0.25–0.5 mA intensity has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects on PD model rats induced by 6-OHDA administration. In addition, we were able to confirm the practicality and effectiveness of the new experimental device.
KW - Anti-inflammation
KW - Less invasive therapy
KW - New experimental device
KW - Parkinson’s disease
KW - Vagus nerve stimulation
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U2 - 10.3390/biomedicines9070789
DO - 10.3390/biomedicines9070789
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85110799390
VL - 9
JO - Biomedicines
JF - Biomedicines
SN - 2227-9059
IS - 7
M1 - 789
ER -