Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of n-type conducting polymers

Ultraviolet photoelectron spectra were measured using synchrotron radiation for four kinds of π-conjugated polymers, poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl)[Ppy], poly(2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-diyl)[Pbpy], poly(2-methylantraquinone-1,4-diyl)[P(2Me-1,4-AQ)], and poly(antraquinone-1,5-diyl)[P(1,5-AQ)], which exhibit n-type electrically conducting properties. Upon K-doping of Pbpy, two new states appeared in the originally empty energy gap. This finding indicates that bipolaron bands are formed in K-doped Pbpy. While K-doped Ppy also shows similar gap states, it requires higher dopant concentration to create bipolaron bands than in the case of K-doped Pbpy. The UPS spectra of K-doped P(2Me-1,4-AQ) also show similar gap states, while it is almost absent in K-doped P(1,5-AQ). The changes in electronic structure of these polymers are discussed based on the conformational difference between these polymers.