Abstract
Different colors, such as purple, brown, red and white, occur in the pericarp of rice. Here, two genes affecting proanthocyanidin synthesis in red- and brown-colored rice were elucidated. Genetic segregation analysis suggested that the Rd and A loci are identical, and both encode dihydroflavonol-4- reductase (DFR). The introduction of the DFR gene into an Rcrd mutant resulted in red-colored rice, which was brown in the original mutant, demonstrating that the Rd locus encodes the DFR protein. Accumulation of proanthocyanidins was observed in the transformants by the introduction of the Rd gene into the rice Rcrd line. Protein blot analysis showed that the DFR gene was translated in seeds with alternative translation initiation. A search for the Rc gene, which encodes a transacting regulatory factor, was conducted using available DNA markers and the Rice Genome Automated Annotation System program. Three candidate genes were identified and cloned from a rice RcRd line and subsequently introduced into a rice rcrd line. Brown-colored seeds were obtained from transgenic plants by the introduction of a gene containing the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif, demonstrating that the Rc gene encodes a bHLH protein. Comparison of the Rc locus among rice accessions showed that a 14-bp deletion occurred only in the rc locus.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 91-102 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Plant Journal |
| Volume | 49 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 2007 |
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Keywords
- Alternative translation initiation
- Basic helix-loop-helix protein
- Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase
- Proanthocyanidins
- Rice
- Seed color
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Plant Science
Cite this
The Rc and Rd genes are involved in proanthocyanidin synthesis in rice pericarp. / Furukawa, Tsutomu; Maekawa, Masahiko; Oki, Tomoyuki; Suda, Ikuo; Iida, Shigeru; Shimada, Hiroaki; Takamure, Itsuro; Kadowaki, Koh Ichi.
In: Plant Journal, Vol. 49, No. 1, 01.2007, p. 91-102.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - The Rc and Rd genes are involved in proanthocyanidin synthesis in rice pericarp
AU - Furukawa, Tsutomu
AU - Maekawa, Masahiko
AU - Oki, Tomoyuki
AU - Suda, Ikuo
AU - Iida, Shigeru
AU - Shimada, Hiroaki
AU - Takamure, Itsuro
AU - Kadowaki, Koh Ichi
PY - 2007/1
Y1 - 2007/1
N2 - Different colors, such as purple, brown, red and white, occur in the pericarp of rice. Here, two genes affecting proanthocyanidin synthesis in red- and brown-colored rice were elucidated. Genetic segregation analysis suggested that the Rd and A loci are identical, and both encode dihydroflavonol-4- reductase (DFR). The introduction of the DFR gene into an Rcrd mutant resulted in red-colored rice, which was brown in the original mutant, demonstrating that the Rd locus encodes the DFR protein. Accumulation of proanthocyanidins was observed in the transformants by the introduction of the Rd gene into the rice Rcrd line. Protein blot analysis showed that the DFR gene was translated in seeds with alternative translation initiation. A search for the Rc gene, which encodes a transacting regulatory factor, was conducted using available DNA markers and the Rice Genome Automated Annotation System program. Three candidate genes were identified and cloned from a rice RcRd line and subsequently introduced into a rice rcrd line. Brown-colored seeds were obtained from transgenic plants by the introduction of a gene containing the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif, demonstrating that the Rc gene encodes a bHLH protein. Comparison of the Rc locus among rice accessions showed that a 14-bp deletion occurred only in the rc locus.
AB - Different colors, such as purple, brown, red and white, occur in the pericarp of rice. Here, two genes affecting proanthocyanidin synthesis in red- and brown-colored rice were elucidated. Genetic segregation analysis suggested that the Rd and A loci are identical, and both encode dihydroflavonol-4- reductase (DFR). The introduction of the DFR gene into an Rcrd mutant resulted in red-colored rice, which was brown in the original mutant, demonstrating that the Rd locus encodes the DFR protein. Accumulation of proanthocyanidins was observed in the transformants by the introduction of the Rd gene into the rice Rcrd line. Protein blot analysis showed that the DFR gene was translated in seeds with alternative translation initiation. A search for the Rc gene, which encodes a transacting regulatory factor, was conducted using available DNA markers and the Rice Genome Automated Annotation System program. Three candidate genes were identified and cloned from a rice RcRd line and subsequently introduced into a rice rcrd line. Brown-colored seeds were obtained from transgenic plants by the introduction of a gene containing the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif, demonstrating that the Rc gene encodes a bHLH protein. Comparison of the Rc locus among rice accessions showed that a 14-bp deletion occurred only in the rc locus.
KW - Alternative translation initiation
KW - Basic helix-loop-helix protein
KW - Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase
KW - Proanthocyanidins
KW - Rice
KW - Seed color
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33845615515&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33845615515&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02958.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02958.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 17163879
AN - SCOPUS:33845615515
VL - 49
SP - 91
EP - 102
JO - Plant Journal
JF - Plant Journal
SN - 0960-7412
IS - 1
ER -