Surgical treatment and dental implant rehabilitation after the resection of an osseous dysplasia

Osseous dysplasia (OD), which is subdivided into four subtypes (focal cement-osseous dysplasia, florid osseous dysplasia, periapical cemental dysplasia, and familial gigantiform cementoma), is an idiopathic process located in the periapical region of the tooth-bearing jaw areas, characterized by a replacement of normal bone by fibrous tissue and metaplastic bone. Unless accompanied by bulging or secondary infection of the jawbone, treatment is not necessary. However, treatment for extirpation is required when a secondary infection is present. Consequently, occlusion reconstruction becomes difficult because of large bone defect. Herein, we report the surgical technique to maintain the alveolar ridge form after resecting the lesion and for the case of an infected alveolar bone in a patient with OD. The loss of the buccal cortical bone was inevitable after removal of the infected area. For postoperative occlusal reconstruction, we performed a bone graft to maintain the alveolar ridge form at the same time as the tumor extirpation. Deficient buccal cortical bone was rebuilt with bone taken from the mandibular ramus and a bioactive resorbable plate. We describe the management of OD and the surgical technique for alveolar ridge form management by resecting the lesion and infected alveolar bone.