TY - JOUR
T1 - Sequential processes in a landslide hazard at a slate quarry in Okayama, Japan
AU - Suwa, Hiroshi
AU - Mizuno, T.
AU - Suzuki, S.
AU - Yamamoto, Y.
AU - Ito, K.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the residents of Soja City, the head and the workers of the quarry of the Kaneike Kogyou Co., Ltd. at Shitagura who gave us useful information during interviews concerning the 12 March 2001 landslide. We also benefited from the seismic data of Hi-net of the Institute of Scientific Technology for Disaster Prevention, Japan. A part of this study was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research No.C19510188 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.
PY - 2008/5
Y1 - 2008/5
N2 - The 12 March 2001 landslide at a slate quarry in Okayama, Japan killed three workers. Composite studies based on field surveys of the landslide slope, interviews with local residents and quarry workers, and inspections of hydrological and seismological data have been used to clarify the causes of this slide and its movements. The results indicate that the landslide was enabled firstly by the steepness of the slope, which had been undercut by river; secondly, the structure was that of a dip-slope that was prone to deep-seated slides along bedding planes; thirdly, numerous joints and faults were present. Surprisingly, rainfall, earthquakes, and explosions do not appear to have played any role in the triggering of this slide. The interviews demonstrated that the frequency of precursory failures increased over a period of several hours before the 12 March 2001 landslide. Inspection of the seismograph records and the eyewitness evidence both indicate that the main part of the landslide consisted of two phases of slope failure within 23 s. After the slide, the frequency of the failures gradually decreased with time over a period of several days. Three new terms are proposed for landslides: foreslide, mainslide, and afterslide, following the terms foreshock, main shock, and aftershock used in seismology.
AB - The 12 March 2001 landslide at a slate quarry in Okayama, Japan killed three workers. Composite studies based on field surveys of the landslide slope, interviews with local residents and quarry workers, and inspections of hydrological and seismological data have been used to clarify the causes of this slide and its movements. The results indicate that the landslide was enabled firstly by the steepness of the slope, which had been undercut by river; secondly, the structure was that of a dip-slope that was prone to deep-seated slides along bedding planes; thirdly, numerous joints and faults were present. Surprisingly, rainfall, earthquakes, and explosions do not appear to have played any role in the triggering of this slide. The interviews demonstrated that the frequency of precursory failures increased over a period of several hours before the 12 March 2001 landslide. Inspection of the seismograph records and the eyewitness evidence both indicate that the main part of the landslide consisted of two phases of slope failure within 23 s. After the slide, the frequency of the failures gradually decreased with time over a period of several days. Three new terms are proposed for landslides: foreslide, mainslide, and afterslide, following the terms foreshock, main shock, and aftershock used in seismology.
KW - Dip-slope
KW - Landslide
KW - Precursor
KW - Progressive failure
KW - Quarry
KW - Undercut slope
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U2 - 10.1007/s11069-007-9163-9
DO - 10.1007/s11069-007-9163-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:41849090808
VL - 45
SP - 321
EP - 331
JO - Natural Hazards
JF - Natural Hazards
SN - 0921-030X
IS - 2
ER -