Refractive-index profiles and propagation losses of Er³⁺-doped tungsten tellurite glass waveguide by Ag⁺-Na⁺ ion-exchange

Engineering & Materials Science

• Ion exchange 95%
• Refractive index 89%
• Tungsten 74%
• Planar waveguides 71%
• Waveguides 69%
• Glass 54%
• Ions 42%
• Prisms 27%
• Wavelength 20%

Physics & Astronomy

• tungsten 58%
• refractivity 47%
• waveguides 45%
• propagation 40%
• glass 39%
• profiles 37%
• ions 32%
• prisms 16%
• couplers 16%
• wavelengths 8%

Chemical Compounds

• Tellurite Glass 100%
• Refractive Index 65%
• Tungsten 62%
• Prismatic Crystal 37%
• Wavelength 24%
• Glass 23%
• Ion 13%