TY - JOUR
T1 - Protection against the bacterial mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines by purpurin, a natural anthraquinone pigment
AU - Marczylo, Timothy H.
AU - Hayatsu, Toshiko
AU - Arimoto-Kobayashi, Sakae
AU - Tada, Mikio
AU - Fujita, Ken Ichi
AU - Kamataki, Tetsuya
AU - Nakayama, Kazuo
AU - Hayatsu, Hikoya
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to express their thanks to The Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for their generous stipend for one of them (T.M), to The Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan for funding the research through the Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (No. 97439) and to The San-Ei Gen Foundation for Food Chemical Research, Osaka, for their funding and gift of pure purpurin.
PY - 1999/8/18
Y1 - 1999/8/18
N2 - Purpurin (1,2,4-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone) is a naturally occurring anthraquinone pigment found in species of madder root. We have found that the presence of purpurin in bacterial mutagenicity assays is responsible for a marked inhibition of mutagenicity induced by food-derived heterocyclic amines. Purpurin was found to be a better inhibitor of Trp-P-2-dependent mutagenicity than either epigallocatechin gallate or chlorophyllin both of which are well-established anti-mutagenic components of diet. Inhibition of Trp-P-2(NHOH) mutagenicity by purpurin was dependent upon pH. It was a better inhibitor in neutral than acidic conditions. Purpurin was protective against the direct mutagen Trp-P-2(NHOH) in both the presence and the absence of hepatic S9 but required pre-incubation. Finally, purpurin was responsible for the inhibition of human CYP1A2 and human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and a decrease in the bioactivation of Trp-P-2 by these enzymes when they were expressed in Salmonella typhimurium TA1538ARO. However, inhibition of Trp-P-2(NHOH)-dependent mutations suggests purpurin also has a direct effect on this mutagen in addition to inhibiting its formation by CYP1A2. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.
AB - Purpurin (1,2,4-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone) is a naturally occurring anthraquinone pigment found in species of madder root. We have found that the presence of purpurin in bacterial mutagenicity assays is responsible for a marked inhibition of mutagenicity induced by food-derived heterocyclic amines. Purpurin was found to be a better inhibitor of Trp-P-2-dependent mutagenicity than either epigallocatechin gallate or chlorophyllin both of which are well-established anti-mutagenic components of diet. Inhibition of Trp-P-2(NHOH) mutagenicity by purpurin was dependent upon pH. It was a better inhibitor in neutral than acidic conditions. Purpurin was protective against the direct mutagen Trp-P-2(NHOH) in both the presence and the absence of hepatic S9 but required pre-incubation. Finally, purpurin was responsible for the inhibition of human CYP1A2 and human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and a decrease in the bioactivation of Trp-P-2 by these enzymes when they were expressed in Salmonella typhimurium TA1538ARO. However, inhibition of Trp-P-2(NHOH)-dependent mutations suggests purpurin also has a direct effect on this mutagen in addition to inhibiting its formation by CYP1A2. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.
KW - Anti-mutagenesis
KW - CYP
KW - Heterocyclic amine
KW - Purpurin
KW - Trp-P-2
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U2 - 10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00109-6
DO - 10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00109-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 10521685
AN - SCOPUS:0032853399
VL - 444
SP - 451
EP - 461
JO - Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
JF - Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
SN - 1383-5718
IS - 2
ER -