Prefabricated bone graft induced from grafted periosteum for the repair of jaw defects: An experimental study in rabbits

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine whether a prefabricated graft of new bone induced from periosteum grafted into muscle was an effective material for the repair of jaw defects. Material and Methods: Artificial mandibular jaw defects in young Japanese rabbits were covered either with free grafted periosteum (n = 5) or a prefabricated graft of newly formed bone induced from periosteum, which was first grafted into the floor of the mouth, and placed as a revascularized muscle-pedicled bone flap (n = 5). Bone formation in jaw defects was examined radiographically and histologically 28 days after grafting into defects. Results: Bone formation was confirmed radiographically and histologically in both groups. However, the free grafted periosteum formed thin bone and fibrous tissue existed between the new and the original bone. In contrast, more active bone formation was observed with the prefabricated graft. This grafted new bone developed further and fused to the mandible. Blood vessels surrounding the new bone were observed histologically. Conclusion: These experimental findings suggested that prefabricated bone grafts induced from periosteum grafts are potentially useful for correction of jaw defects.