@article{8065a2a328434f36a925633edee83621,
title = "Potential sources of ammonium-nitrogen in the coastal groundwater determined from a combined analysis of nitrogen isotope, biological and geological parameters, and land use",
abstract = "The origin of ammonium-nitrogen in Indonesian coastal groundwater has not been intensively examined, meanwhile the elevated concentration remains a concern. This research aims at tracing the potential sources of ammonium-nitrogen in the groundwater of Indramayu, Indonesia where groundwater is vital for livelihood. From results, a combined examination of nitrogen isotope, coliform bacteria, land-use, and geology confirmed the natural and anthropogenic origins of ammonium-nitrogen in the groundwater. In the brackish-water aquaculture region, groundwater has δ15NNH4 values from +1.8 to +4.8‰ signifying that ammonium-nitrogen is derived from mineralization of organic nitrogen to ammonium. Furthermore, ammonium has a significantly positive relationship with sodium indicating the exchangeable ammonium is mobilized to groundwater via cation exchange. Meanwhile ammonium-nitrogen from anthropogenic waste was detected in agricultural and residential region. The groundwater has more varied δ15NNH4 values, from −2.9 to +16.1‰, which implies attenuation of ammonium-nitrogen from several sources namely manure, mineral fertilizer, sewage, and pit latrines. Also, the presence of E. coli confirms the indication of human and animal waste contamination. However, since ammonium has no relationship with sodium, cation exchange is not feasible and ammonium-nitrogen flows into the groundwater from anthropogenic sources along with liquid wastes.",
keywords = "Alluvial groundwater, Ammonium-nitrogen, Coliform, Indramayu, Nitrogen isotope, Sodium",
author = "Rusydi, {Anna Fadliah} and Onodera, {Shin Ichi} and Mitsuyo Saito and Fujio Hyodo and Morihiro Maeda and Khori Sugianti and Sunarya Wibawa",
note = "Funding Information: This material is based on work supported by: 1. The Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) under Grant No. CRRP2019-09 MY-Onodera (funder ID: http://dx.doi. org/10.13039/100005536). 2. All opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of APN. While the information and advice in this publication are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the editors nor APN accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. APN and its member countries make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. 3. Japanese Society for the Promotion of Sciences Grant-inAid for Scientific Research B (JSPS KAKENHI B) with Grant Number 17H04494. 4. Priority Research Program of Deputy of Earth Science, the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), entitled ?Degradation of Groundwater Resources and The Potential of Land Subsidence due to Climate Changes and Anthropogenic Activities in The Coastal of Cimanuk Watershed?, which was funded by LIPI in 2016?2017 fiscal year. Funding Information: Funding: This material is based on work supported by: 1. The Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) under Grant No. CRRP2019-09 MY-Onodera (funder ID: http://dx.doi. org/10.13039/100005536). 2. All opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of APN. While the information and advice in this publication are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the editors nor APN accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. APN and its member countries make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. 3. Japanese Society for the Promotion of Sciences Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B (JSPS KAKENHI B) with Grant Number 17H04494. 4. Priority Research Program of Deputy of Earth Science, the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), entitled “Degradation of Groundwater Resources and The Potential of Land Subsidence due to Climate Changes and Anthropogenic Activities in The Coastal of Cimanuk Watershed”, which was funded by LIPI in 2016–2017 fiscal year. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
doi = "10.3390/w13010025",
language = "English",
volume = "13",
journal = "Water (Switzerland)",
issn = "2073-4441",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "1",
}
