TY - JOUR
T1 - Phytohormones in red seaweeds
T2 - A technical review of methods for analysis and a consideration of genomic data
AU - Mori, Izumi C.
AU - Ikeda, Yoko
AU - Matsuura, Takakazu
AU - Hirayama, Takashi
AU - Mikami, Koji
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/4/1
Y1 - 2017/4/1
N2 - Emerging studies suggest that seaweeds contain phytohormones; however, their chemical entities, biosynthetic pathways, signal transduction mechanisms, and physiological roles are poorly understood. Until recently, it was difficult to conduct comprehensive analysis of phytohormones in seaweeds because of the interfering effects of cellular constituents on fine quantification. In this review, we discuss the details of the latest method allowing simultaneous profiling of multiple phytohormones in red seaweeds, while avoiding the effects of cellular factors. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine (IP), (+)-abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid, but not of gibberellins and jasmonate, in Pyropia yezoensis and Bangia fuscopurpurea. In addition, an in silico genome-wide homology search indicated that red seaweeds synthesize IP and ABA via pathways similar to those in terrestrial plants, although genes homologous to those involved in IAA biosynthesis in terrestrial plants were not found, suggesting the epiphytic origin of IAA. It is noteworthy that these seaweeds also lack homologues of known factors involved in the perception and signal transduction of IAA, IP, and ABA. Thus, the modes of action of these phytohormones in red seaweeds are unexpectedly dissimilar to those in terrestrial plants.
AB - Emerging studies suggest that seaweeds contain phytohormones; however, their chemical entities, biosynthetic pathways, signal transduction mechanisms, and physiological roles are poorly understood. Until recently, it was difficult to conduct comprehensive analysis of phytohormones in seaweeds because of the interfering effects of cellular constituents on fine quantification. In this review, we discuss the details of the latest method allowing simultaneous profiling of multiple phytohormones in red seaweeds, while avoiding the effects of cellular factors. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine (IP), (+)-abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid, but not of gibberellins and jasmonate, in Pyropia yezoensis and Bangia fuscopurpurea. In addition, an in silico genome-wide homology search indicated that red seaweeds synthesize IP and ABA via pathways similar to those in terrestrial plants, although genes homologous to those involved in IAA biosynthesis in terrestrial plants were not found, suggesting the epiphytic origin of IAA. It is noteworthy that these seaweeds also lack homologues of known factors involved in the perception and signal transduction of IAA, IP, and ABA. Thus, the modes of action of these phytohormones in red seaweeds are unexpectedly dissimilar to those in terrestrial plants.
KW - epiphytes
KW - genome-wide survey
KW - hormone metabolism
KW - liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
KW - phytohormone
KW - red seaweed
KW - simultaneous analysis
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U2 - 10.1515/bot-2016-0056
DO - 10.1515/bot-2016-0056
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85017197637
VL - 60
SP - 153
EP - 170
JO - Botanica Marina
JF - Botanica Marina
SN - 0006-8055
IS - 2
ER -