TY - JOUR
T1 - Phylogenetic signal in the topographic niche of trees
T2 - Current and historical significance of habitat structure on the species arrangement pattern within East Asian rugged forests
AU - Kitagawa, Ryo
AU - Mimura, Makiko
AU - Mori, Akira S.
AU - Sakai, Akiko
N1 - Funding Information:
This study could not have been completed without the especially demanding field survey, and we are particularly grateful to all the people who assisted with the survey, especially Takuma Nakamura and Hirofumi Kondo. We appreciate Kaoruko Kurata for comments on early draft. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP16K07509.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Ecological Society of Japan
PY - 2020/7/1
Y1 - 2020/7/1
N2 - Topography often promotes habitat heterogeneity and is a major factor in fine-grained changes in vegetation. Especially in temperate mountainous regions of East Asia, the distribution of tree species is largely explained by topographic niche differentiation. Because species niche is at least partially a historical product through the evolution of functional traits, phylogenetic signals are expected in the topographic arrangement pattern of species, although this has not been fully investigated. Thus, we examined common temperate trees in a 306 ha watershed on Mt Tanzawa, central Japan. The topographic niche position of each species was explained with two principal component analysis (PCA) axes, which aligned with the topographic structure of the watershed. High scores on PC1 reflected lower elevations, steeper slopes and nearby valleys. Higher scores on PC2 indicated thicker soil, more south-facing slopes, slighter slope inclinations and nearby valleys. The former indicated the species were aligned on a habitat gradient of land-surface instability, for which the gradient is typical under the current geological conditions. The latter indicated that a niche axis for resource availability relating to water, nutrients and light or heat existed. A phylogenetic signal, identified by Pagel's λ and the Mantel test, was detected for PC2 scores. However, the species arrangement along PC1 was independent of phylogeny. Our results suggested that the topographic niche of tree species in this area is caused by both relatively recently derived traits regarding adaptation to unstable land surfaces and conservative traits derived through plant evolution.
AB - Topography often promotes habitat heterogeneity and is a major factor in fine-grained changes in vegetation. Especially in temperate mountainous regions of East Asia, the distribution of tree species is largely explained by topographic niche differentiation. Because species niche is at least partially a historical product through the evolution of functional traits, phylogenetic signals are expected in the topographic arrangement pattern of species, although this has not been fully investigated. Thus, we examined common temperate trees in a 306 ha watershed on Mt Tanzawa, central Japan. The topographic niche position of each species was explained with two principal component analysis (PCA) axes, which aligned with the topographic structure of the watershed. High scores on PC1 reflected lower elevations, steeper slopes and nearby valleys. Higher scores on PC2 indicated thicker soil, more south-facing slopes, slighter slope inclinations and nearby valleys. The former indicated the species were aligned on a habitat gradient of land-surface instability, for which the gradient is typical under the current geological conditions. The latter indicated that a niche axis for resource availability relating to water, nutrients and light or heat existed. A phylogenetic signal, identified by Pagel's λ and the Mantel test, was detected for PC2 scores. However, the species arrangement along PC1 was independent of phylogeny. Our results suggested that the topographic niche of tree species in this area is caused by both relatively recently derived traits regarding adaptation to unstable land surfaces and conservative traits derived through plant evolution.
KW - Phylogenetic signal, niche evolution
KW - temperate forest in East Asia, rugged topography
KW - topographic niche differentiation
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U2 - 10.1111/1440-1703.12110
DO - 10.1111/1440-1703.12110
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85085002060
VL - 35
SP - 613
EP - 624
JO - Ecological Research
JF - Ecological Research
SN - 0912-3814
IS - 4
ER -