TY - JOUR
T1 - Photoinduced endosomal escape mechanism
T2 - A view from photochemical internalization mediated by cpp-photosensitizer conjugates
AU - Soe, Tet Htut
AU - Watanabe, Kazunori
AU - Ohtsuki, Takashi
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H02090 (to T.O.).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Endosomal escape in cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-based drug/macromolecule delivery systems is frequently insufficient. The CPP-fused molecules tend to remain trapped inside endosomes and end up being degraded rather than delivered into the cytosol. One of the methods for endosomal escape of CPP-fused molecules is photochemical internalization (PCI), which is based on the use of light and a photosensitizer and relies on photoinduced endosomal membrane destabilization to release the cargo molecule. Currently, it remains unclear how this delivery strategy behaves after photostimulation. Recent findings, including our studies using CPP-cargo-photosensitizer conjugates, have shed light on the photoinduced endosomal escape mechanism. In this review, we discuss the structural design of CPP-photosensitizer and CPP-cargo-photosensitizer conjugates, and the PCI mechanism underlying their application.
AB - Endosomal escape in cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-based drug/macromolecule delivery systems is frequently insufficient. The CPP-fused molecules tend to remain trapped inside endosomes and end up being degraded rather than delivered into the cytosol. One of the methods for endosomal escape of CPP-fused molecules is photochemical internalization (PCI), which is based on the use of light and a photosensitizer and relies on photoinduced endosomal membrane destabilization to release the cargo molecule. Currently, it remains unclear how this delivery strategy behaves after photostimulation. Recent findings, including our studies using CPP-cargo-photosensitizer conjugates, have shed light on the photoinduced endosomal escape mechanism. In this review, we discuss the structural design of CPP-photosensitizer and CPP-cargo-photosensitizer conjugates, and the PCI mechanism underlying their application.
KW - Cell-penetrating peptide
KW - Endosome
KW - Membrane
KW - Photochemical internalization
KW - Photosensitizer
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U2 - 10.3390/MOLECULES26010036
DO - 10.3390/MOLECULES26010036
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33374732
AN - SCOPUS:85099115865
VL - 26
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
SN - 1420-3049
IS - 1
M1 - 36
ER -