TY - JOUR
T1 - No evidence for the growth-stimulating effect of monomers on cariogenic Streptococci
AU - Nedeljkovic, Ivana
AU - Yoshihara, Kumiko
AU - De Munck, Jan
AU - Teughels, Wim
AU - Van Meerbeek, Bart
AU - Van Landuyt, Kirsten L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Research Foundation???Flanders (FWO) grant G.0884.13. We would like to thank Martine Pauwels, Rita Merckx, Esteban Rodr??guez Herrero, and Jos Desair for their skillful assistance. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The work was supported by the Research Foundation???Flanders (FWO) grant G.0884.13.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/6/1
Y1 - 2017/6/1
N2 - Background: In spite of contradicting results, the high susceptibility of composites for secondary caries is still often associated with the bacterial growth-stimulating effect of released methacrylate monomers. However, most studies that showed this effect were performed with techniques having inherent limitations (spectrophotometry). Objectives: Therefore, our objective was to determine the effect of four methacrylate monomers (2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA)) on the growth of two caries-associated bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and sobrinus, and one non-cariogenic species, Streptococcus sanguinis, using TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify bacterial DNA. Materials and methods: Cultures were exposed to monomer solutions selected after spectrophotometric growth measurements. At baseline and predetermined time intervals, bacterial DNA was extracted and quantified with TaqMan qPCR. Biofilms grown in the presence of monomers were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Spectrophotometry indeed showed increased growth rates of all three strains with 5 mM TEGDMA, EGDMA, and DEGDMA and increased total biomass of S. sanguinis with 5 mM TEGDMA. However, qPCR failed to show any growth-stimulating effect of these monomers on S. mutans and S. sobrinus. In contrast, some monomers exhibited a growth-inhibiting effect on S. sanguinis. SEM revealed extracellular matter in S. sobrinus and S. sanguinis biofilms, which might be attributed to polymer formation. Conclusions: Techniques which quantify bacterial DNA are more appropriate to evaluate bacterial growth in the presence of monomers than spectrophotometry. Clinical relevance: Even though methacrylate monomers did not affect the growth of cariogenic species, growth inhibition of S. sanguinis, a non-cariogenic antagonistic species, may lead to ecological shifts towards higher cariogenicity.
AB - Background: In spite of contradicting results, the high susceptibility of composites for secondary caries is still often associated with the bacterial growth-stimulating effect of released methacrylate monomers. However, most studies that showed this effect were performed with techniques having inherent limitations (spectrophotometry). Objectives: Therefore, our objective was to determine the effect of four methacrylate monomers (2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA)) on the growth of two caries-associated bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and sobrinus, and one non-cariogenic species, Streptococcus sanguinis, using TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify bacterial DNA. Materials and methods: Cultures were exposed to monomer solutions selected after spectrophotometric growth measurements. At baseline and predetermined time intervals, bacterial DNA was extracted and quantified with TaqMan qPCR. Biofilms grown in the presence of monomers were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Spectrophotometry indeed showed increased growth rates of all three strains with 5 mM TEGDMA, EGDMA, and DEGDMA and increased total biomass of S. sanguinis with 5 mM TEGDMA. However, qPCR failed to show any growth-stimulating effect of these monomers on S. mutans and S. sobrinus. In contrast, some monomers exhibited a growth-inhibiting effect on S. sanguinis. SEM revealed extracellular matter in S. sobrinus and S. sanguinis biofilms, which might be attributed to polymer formation. Conclusions: Techniques which quantify bacterial DNA are more appropriate to evaluate bacterial growth in the presence of monomers than spectrophotometry. Clinical relevance: Even though methacrylate monomers did not affect the growth of cariogenic species, growth inhibition of S. sanguinis, a non-cariogenic antagonistic species, may lead to ecological shifts towards higher cariogenicity.
KW - Bacterial growth
KW - Dental composite
KW - Methacrylate monomers
KW - Oral streptococci
KW - RT PCR
KW - Spectrophotometry
KW - Streptococcus mutans
KW - Streptococcus sanguinis
KW - Streptococcus sobrinus
KW - qPCR
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U2 - 10.1007/s00784-016-1972-3
DO - 10.1007/s00784-016-1972-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 27766489
AN - SCOPUS:84991822116
VL - 21
SP - 1861
EP - 1869
JO - Clinical Oral Investigations
JF - Clinical Oral Investigations
SN - 1432-6981
IS - 5
ER -