Multicriticality of the three-dimensional Ising model with plaquette interactions: An extension of Novotny's transfer-matrix formalism

A three-dimensional Ising model was numerically investigated with the plaquette interactions. It was found that the interfacial energy lacks the surface tension term and thermally activated undulations must be promoted significantly because of the absence of the surface tension. It was noticed that a phase transition occurs at a considerably low temperature quite reminiscent of that of the two-dimensional Ising model. It was also confirmed that the phase transition belongs to the three-dimensional Ising university class.