TY - JOUR
T1 - Modified tricalcium silicate cement formulations with added zirconium oxide
AU - Li, Xin
AU - Yoshihara, Kumiko
AU - De Munck, Jan
AU - Cokic, Stevan
AU - Pongprueksa, Pong
AU - Putzeys, Eveline
AU - Pedano, Mariano
AU - Chen, Zhi
AU - Van Landuyt, Kirsten
AU - Van Meerbeek, Bart
N1 - Funding Information:
Xin Li's study at KU Leuven is supported by the China Scholarship Council (File No. 201206270126). The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article. Drs. Xin Li's study at KU Leuven is supported by the China Scholarship Council (File No. 201206270126).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
PY - 2017/4/1
Y1 - 2017/4/1
N2 - Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of modifying tricalcium silicate (TCS) cements on three key properties by adding ZrO2. Materials and methods: TCS powders were prepared by adding ZrO2 at six different concentrations. The powders were mixed with 1 M CaCl2 solution at a 3:1 weight ratio. Biodentine (contains 5 wt.% ZrO2) served as control. To evaluate the potential effect on mechanical properties, the mini-fracture toughness (mini-FT) was measured. Regarding bioactivity, Ca release was assessed using ICP-AES. The component distribution within the cement matrix was evaluated by Feg-SEM/EPMA. Cytotoxicity was assessed using an XTT assay. Results: Adding ZrO2 to TCS did not alter the mini-FT (p = 0.52), which remained in range of that of Biodentine (p = 0.31). Ca release from TSC cements was slightly lower than that from Biodentine at 1 day (p > 0.05). After 1 week, Ca release from TCS 30 and TCS 50 increased to a level that was significantly higher than that from Biodentine (p < 0.05). After 1 month, Ca release all decreased (p < 0.05), yet TCS 0 and TCS 50 released comparable amounts of Ca as at 1 day (p > 0.05). EPMA revealed a more even distribution of ZrO2 within the TCS cements. Particles with an un-reacted core were surrounded by a hydration zone. The 24-, 48-, and 72-h extracts of TCS 50 were the least cytotoxic. Conclusions: ZrO2 can be added to TCS without affecting the mini-FT; Ca release was reduced initially, to reach a prolonged release thereafter; adding ZrO2 made TCS cements more biocompatible. Clinical relevance: TCS 50 is a promising cement formulation to serve as a biocompatible hydraulic calcium silicate cement.
AB - Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of modifying tricalcium silicate (TCS) cements on three key properties by adding ZrO2. Materials and methods: TCS powders were prepared by adding ZrO2 at six different concentrations. The powders were mixed with 1 M CaCl2 solution at a 3:1 weight ratio. Biodentine (contains 5 wt.% ZrO2) served as control. To evaluate the potential effect on mechanical properties, the mini-fracture toughness (mini-FT) was measured. Regarding bioactivity, Ca release was assessed using ICP-AES. The component distribution within the cement matrix was evaluated by Feg-SEM/EPMA. Cytotoxicity was assessed using an XTT assay. Results: Adding ZrO2 to TCS did not alter the mini-FT (p = 0.52), which remained in range of that of Biodentine (p = 0.31). Ca release from TSC cements was slightly lower than that from Biodentine at 1 day (p > 0.05). After 1 week, Ca release from TCS 30 and TCS 50 increased to a level that was significantly higher than that from Biodentine (p < 0.05). After 1 month, Ca release all decreased (p < 0.05), yet TCS 0 and TCS 50 released comparable amounts of Ca as at 1 day (p > 0.05). EPMA revealed a more even distribution of ZrO2 within the TCS cements. Particles with an un-reacted core were surrounded by a hydration zone. The 24-, 48-, and 72-h extracts of TCS 50 were the least cytotoxic. Conclusions: ZrO2 can be added to TCS without affecting the mini-FT; Ca release was reduced initially, to reach a prolonged release thereafter; adding ZrO2 made TCS cements more biocompatible. Clinical relevance: TCS 50 is a promising cement formulation to serve as a biocompatible hydraulic calcium silicate cement.
KW - Ca release
KW - Component distribution
KW - Cytotoxicity
KW - Mini-fracture toughness
KW - Tricalcium silicate
KW - Zirconium oxide
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U2 - 10.1007/s00784-016-1843-y
DO - 10.1007/s00784-016-1843-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 27153848
AN - SCOPUS:84966365373
VL - 21
SP - 895
EP - 905
JO - Clinical Oral Investigations
JF - Clinical Oral Investigations
SN - 1432-6981
IS - 3
ER -