TY - JOUR
T1 - Low-temperature-modulated fruit ripening is independent of ethylene in 'Sanuki Gold' kiwifruit
AU - Mworia, Eric G.
AU - Yoshikawa, Takashi
AU - Salikon, Nadiah
AU - Oda, Chisato
AU - Asiche, William O.
AU - Yokotani, Naoki
AU - Abe, Daigo
AU - Ushijima, Koichiro
AU - Nakano, Ryohei
AU - Kubo, Yasutaka
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr Ann L. T. Powell, (University of California, Davis, USA) for careful reading of and useful comments on this paper. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (grant no. 20380022 to YK) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan.
PY - 2012/1
Y1 - 2012/1
N2 - Fruit ripening in response to treatments with propylene, 1-methycyclopropene (1-MCP), and low temperature was characterized in 'Sanuki Gold' kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis Planch. Propylene treatment immediately induced rapid fruit softening, increased AC-PG (polygalacturonase) and AC-EXP (expansin) mRNA accumulation, and stimulated an increase in the soluble solid concentration (SSC) and a decrease in titratable acidity (TA). After 3d exposure to propylene, ethylene production and AC-PL (pectate lyase) mRNA accumulation were observed. 1-MCP treatment after 24h exposure to propylene eliminated AC-PG mRNA accumulation and suppressed continued changes in SSC and TA. Application of 1-MCP at the start of the treatment, followed by continuous propylene exposure, markedly delayed fruit softening, and the expression of the cell wall-modifying genes, and changes in the SSC and TA, indicating that kiwifruit become insensitive to ethylene at least for 3d following 1-MCP exposure. Surprisingly, significant fruit softening, mRNA accumulation of AC-PG, AC-PL, and AC-EXP, and decreased TA were observed without ethylene production in intact fruit stored at low temperature for 1 month, but not in fruit stored at room temperature. Repeated 1-MCP treatments (twice a week) failed to inhibit the changes that occurred in low temperature storage. These observations indicate that low temperature modulates the ripening of kiwifruit in an ethylene-independent manner, suggesting that kiwifruit ripening is inducible by either ethylene or low temperature signals.
AB - Fruit ripening in response to treatments with propylene, 1-methycyclopropene (1-MCP), and low temperature was characterized in 'Sanuki Gold' kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis Planch. Propylene treatment immediately induced rapid fruit softening, increased AC-PG (polygalacturonase) and AC-EXP (expansin) mRNA accumulation, and stimulated an increase in the soluble solid concentration (SSC) and a decrease in titratable acidity (TA). After 3d exposure to propylene, ethylene production and AC-PL (pectate lyase) mRNA accumulation were observed. 1-MCP treatment after 24h exposure to propylene eliminated AC-PG mRNA accumulation and suppressed continued changes in SSC and TA. Application of 1-MCP at the start of the treatment, followed by continuous propylene exposure, markedly delayed fruit softening, and the expression of the cell wall-modifying genes, and changes in the SSC and TA, indicating that kiwifruit become insensitive to ethylene at least for 3d following 1-MCP exposure. Surprisingly, significant fruit softening, mRNA accumulation of AC-PG, AC-PL, and AC-EXP, and decreased TA were observed without ethylene production in intact fruit stored at low temperature for 1 month, but not in fruit stored at room temperature. Repeated 1-MCP treatments (twice a week) failed to inhibit the changes that occurred in low temperature storage. These observations indicate that low temperature modulates the ripening of kiwifruit in an ethylene-independent manner, suggesting that kiwifruit ripening is inducible by either ethylene or low temperature signals.
KW - 1-MCP
KW - Ethylene
KW - fruit ripening
KW - kiwifruit
KW - low-temperature
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U2 - 10.1093/jxb/err324
DO - 10.1093/jxb/err324
M3 - Article
C2 - 22058408
AN - SCOPUS:84855897055
VL - 63
SP - 963
EP - 971
JO - Journal of Experimental Botany
JF - Journal of Experimental Botany
SN - 0022-0957
IS - 2
ER -