Low-pressure and low-temperature K-bearing kosmochloric diopside from the Osayama serpentinite mélange, SW Japan

Kosmochloric diopside with high K content up to 0.56 wt% (0.026 K atom per formula unit) was discovered from the Osayama serpentinite mélange in the Chugoku Mountains, SW Japan. K-bearing clinopyroxene fills microcracks (5-150 μm in wide) together with uvarovite within albite vein of a tremolite rock. Compositions of analyzed clinopyroxene consist mainly of kosmochlor + augite (92-98 mo1%; Ko_19-38Aug_56-76) components and minor amounts of jadeite (0-6 mol%), aegirine (0-5 mol%), Ca-Tschermak (0-3 mol%), and K-kosmochlor (0-2 mol%). Although the K content in clinopyroxene is also variable and heterogeneous even in a single vein, clinopyroxene with higher K content occurs in Ko-rich part. Higher magnification secondary electron images confirmed that exsolution and inclusion are essentially absent in the analyzed clinopyroxenes. The good negative correlation between Cr + Na + K and Ca + Mg + Fe²⁺ indicates the Cr incorporation into the octahedral site. Furthermore, K correlates with Na and Cr, indicating a simultaneous enrichment of K for Na and Cr during pyroxene growth. Textual relations, and parageneses and compositions of minerals suggest that the K-Cpx precipitated together with uvarovite in brittle microcracks directly from a Ca- and Cr-rich hydrothermal fluid at approximately P < 0.3 GPa and T < 400 °C. Although it has been experimentally concluded that only ultrahigh-P (>4 GPa) environment permits to host relatively large K⁺ cation into the clinopyroxene structure, our finding indicates that the incorporation of K into the kosmochlor-diopside series solid solution with at least 0.2 Cr cation p.f.u. is possible even at low P conditions.