TY - JOUR
T1 - Increased levels of oral Streptococcus-derived d-alanine in patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus
AU - Nakade, Yusuke
AU - Iwata, Yasunori
AU - Sakai, Norihiko
AU - Mita, Masashi
AU - Nakane, Maiko
AU - Hamase, Kenji
AU - Suda, Wataru
AU - Toyama, Tadashi
AU - Kitajima, Shinji
AU - Hara, Akinori
AU - Shimizu, Miho
AU - Ogushi, Chikako
AU - Furuichi, Kengo
AU - Koshino, Yoshitaka
AU - Morita, Hidetoshi
AU - Hattori, Masahira
AU - Wada, Takashi
N1 - Funding Information:
This study received a Grant from AMED (JP19ek0310012 to T. Wada) and Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of the Japanese Government under Grant numbers 15K19450 and 17K08978 (Y. Nakade), 17K08979 (M. Shimizu), and 19H03557, 17H06394, and 16K15326 (T. Wada).
Funding Information:
We thank the staff of KAGAMI Co., Ltd., for technical support with 2D-HPLC and biological statistics and Ms. R. Izaki for conducting sample collection at the Mizuho Hospital. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - The number of patients on hemodialysis is increasing globally; diabetes mellitus (DM) complications is the major cause of hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The d-amino acid (AA) profile is altered in patients with CKD; however, it has not been studied in patients with CKD and DM. Furthermore, bacteria responsible for altering the D-AA profile are not well understood. Therefore, we examined the D-AA profiles and associated bacteria in patients with CKD, with and without DM. We enrolled 12 healthy controls and 54 patients with CKD, with and without DM, and determined their salivary, stool, plasma, and urine chiral AA levels using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the oral and gut microbiota to determine the association between the abundance of bacterial species and D-AA levels. Plasma d-alanine and d-serine levels were higher in patients with CKD than in healthy adults (p < 0.01), and plasma d-alanine levels were higher in patients with CKD and DM than in those without DM. The abundance of salivary Streptococcus, which produced d-alanine, increased in patients with CKD and DM and was positively correlated with plasma d-alanine levels. Patients with CKD and DM had unique oral microbiota and d-alanine profiles. Plasma d-alanine is a potential biomarker for patients with CKD and DM.
AB - The number of patients on hemodialysis is increasing globally; diabetes mellitus (DM) complications is the major cause of hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The d-amino acid (AA) profile is altered in patients with CKD; however, it has not been studied in patients with CKD and DM. Furthermore, bacteria responsible for altering the D-AA profile are not well understood. Therefore, we examined the D-AA profiles and associated bacteria in patients with CKD, with and without DM. We enrolled 12 healthy controls and 54 patients with CKD, with and without DM, and determined their salivary, stool, plasma, and urine chiral AA levels using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the oral and gut microbiota to determine the association between the abundance of bacterial species and D-AA levels. Plasma d-alanine and d-serine levels were higher in patients with CKD than in healthy adults (p < 0.01), and plasma d-alanine levels were higher in patients with CKD and DM than in those without DM. The abundance of salivary Streptococcus, which produced d-alanine, increased in patients with CKD and DM and was positively correlated with plasma d-alanine levels. Patients with CKD and DM had unique oral microbiota and d-alanine profiles. Plasma d-alanine is a potential biomarker for patients with CKD and DM.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41598-022-26175-1
DO - 10.1038/s41598-022-26175-1
M3 - Article
C2 - 36526888
AN - SCOPUS:85144132018
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
IS - 1
M1 - 21773
ER -
