In situ fuel concentration measurement near spark plug in spark-ignition engines by 3.39 μm infrared laser absorption method

Physics & Astronomy

• spark plugs 81%
• spark ignition 73%
• infrared lasers 49%
• engines 49%
• fuel-air ratio 30%
• optical measuring instruments 13%
• sparks 12%
• exhaust emission 10%
• time measurement 9%
• injection 9%
• internal combustion engines 8%
• gasoline 8%
• thermodynamic efficiency 8%
• exchanging 8%
• octanes 8%
• combustion chambers 6%
• hydrocarbons 5%
• standard deviation 5%
• fiber optics 5%
• absorptivity 5%
• light sources 5%
• cycles 4%
• sensors 3%
• wavelengths 2%
• lasers 2%
• temperature 1%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Infrared lasers 76%
• Spark plugs 67%
• Internal combustion engines 49%
• Optical sensors 15%
• Electric sparks 12%
• Air 10%
• Engines 7%
• Optical systems 7%
• Direct injection 6%
• Light sources 6%
• Fiber optics 6%
• Combustion chambers 6%
• Gasoline 5%
• Hydrocarbons 5%
• Wavelength 5%
• Lasers 4%
• Sensors 3%
• Hot Temperature 2%
• Temperature 2%

Chemical Compounds

• Spark Plug 100%
• Fuel 41%
• Internal Combustion Engine 9%
• Isooctane 7%
• IR Absorption 7%
• Absorption Coefficient 6%
• Gasoline 6%
• Hydrocarbon 4%
• Wavelength 4%
• Fiber 3%
• Pressure 3%