Abstract
Hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases may lead to an increase in medical costs for patients. We attempted to clarify the relationship between hypertension and long-term medical costs by a cohort study utilizing existing data as well as baseline blood pressures and medical costs over a 10-year period. The participants included 4,191 Japanese National Health Insurance beneficiaries aged 40-69 years, living in one area, who were not taking anti-hypertensive medication and did not have a history of major cardiovascular disease. They were classified into four categories according to their blood pressure. We evaluated the mean medical costs per month, cumulative hospitalization, and all-cause mortality for each blood pressure category. Hypertension-related medical costs attributable to hypertensive individuals, as compared to normotensive individuals, were estimated. There was a positively graded correlation between blood pressure and personal total medical costs, especially for men. The odds ratio for cumulative hospitalization and hazard ratio for all-cause mortality in severe hypertensive men were also higher than those in normotensive men. However, the hypertension-related medical costs for mild to moderate hypertensives were higher than those for severe hypertensives. The hypertension-related medical costs for all hypertensives accounted for 23.7% of the total, medical costs for the Japanese population. In conclusion, high blood pressure was a useful predictor for excess medical costs; moreover, concomitant hypertension, regardless of the grade, increased the medical costs of Japanese National Health Insurance beneficiaries.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 859-864 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Hypertension Research |
| Volume | 28 |
| Issue number | 11 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Nov 1 2005 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Hypertension
- Japan
- Medical costs
- National Health Insurance
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Internal Medicine
- Physiology
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Cite this
Impact of hypertension on medical economics : A 10-year follow-up study of National Health Insurance in Shiga, Japan. / Nakamura, Koshi; Okamura, Tomonori; Kanda, Hideyuki; Hayakawa, Takehito; Kadowaki, Takashi; Okayama, Akira; Ueshima, Hirotsugu; Yamashita, Shigeo; Tominaga, Yoshinori; Katsuyama, Kazuaki; Kakuno, Fumihiko; Kitanishi, Machiko; Tobita, Yukio; Okamura, Kanehiro; Hatta, Kiminobu; Okada, Takao; Hatanaka, Michiko.
In: Hypertension Research, Vol. 28, No. 11, 01.11.2005, p. 859-864.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of hypertension on medical economics
T2 - A 10-year follow-up study of National Health Insurance in Shiga, Japan
AU - Nakamura, Koshi
AU - Okamura, Tomonori
AU - Kanda, Hideyuki
AU - Hayakawa, Takehito
AU - Kadowaki, Takashi
AU - Okayama, Akira
AU - Ueshima, Hirotsugu
AU - Yamashita, Shigeo
AU - Tominaga, Yoshinori
AU - Katsuyama, Kazuaki
AU - Kakuno, Fumihiko
AU - Kitanishi, Machiko
AU - Tobita, Yukio
AU - Okamura, Kanehiro
AU - Hatta, Kiminobu
AU - Okada, Takao
AU - Hatanaka, Michiko
PY - 2005/11/1
Y1 - 2005/11/1
N2 - Hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases may lead to an increase in medical costs for patients. We attempted to clarify the relationship between hypertension and long-term medical costs by a cohort study utilizing existing data as well as baseline blood pressures and medical costs over a 10-year period. The participants included 4,191 Japanese National Health Insurance beneficiaries aged 40-69 years, living in one area, who were not taking anti-hypertensive medication and did not have a history of major cardiovascular disease. They were classified into four categories according to their blood pressure. We evaluated the mean medical costs per month, cumulative hospitalization, and all-cause mortality for each blood pressure category. Hypertension-related medical costs attributable to hypertensive individuals, as compared to normotensive individuals, were estimated. There was a positively graded correlation between blood pressure and personal total medical costs, especially for men. The odds ratio for cumulative hospitalization and hazard ratio for all-cause mortality in severe hypertensive men were also higher than those in normotensive men. However, the hypertension-related medical costs for mild to moderate hypertensives were higher than those for severe hypertensives. The hypertension-related medical costs for all hypertensives accounted for 23.7% of the total, medical costs for the Japanese population. In conclusion, high blood pressure was a useful predictor for excess medical costs; moreover, concomitant hypertension, regardless of the grade, increased the medical costs of Japanese National Health Insurance beneficiaries.
AB - Hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases may lead to an increase in medical costs for patients. We attempted to clarify the relationship between hypertension and long-term medical costs by a cohort study utilizing existing data as well as baseline blood pressures and medical costs over a 10-year period. The participants included 4,191 Japanese National Health Insurance beneficiaries aged 40-69 years, living in one area, who were not taking anti-hypertensive medication and did not have a history of major cardiovascular disease. They were classified into four categories according to their blood pressure. We evaluated the mean medical costs per month, cumulative hospitalization, and all-cause mortality for each blood pressure category. Hypertension-related medical costs attributable to hypertensive individuals, as compared to normotensive individuals, were estimated. There was a positively graded correlation between blood pressure and personal total medical costs, especially for men. The odds ratio for cumulative hospitalization and hazard ratio for all-cause mortality in severe hypertensive men were also higher than those in normotensive men. However, the hypertension-related medical costs for mild to moderate hypertensives were higher than those for severe hypertensives. The hypertension-related medical costs for all hypertensives accounted for 23.7% of the total, medical costs for the Japanese population. In conclusion, high blood pressure was a useful predictor for excess medical costs; moreover, concomitant hypertension, regardless of the grade, increased the medical costs of Japanese National Health Insurance beneficiaries.
KW - Hypertension
KW - Japan
KW - Medical costs
KW - National Health Insurance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=31744443983&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=31744443983&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1291/hypres.28.859
DO - 10.1291/hypres.28.859
M3 - Article
C2 - 16555573
AN - SCOPUS:31744443983
VL - 28
SP - 859
EP - 864
JO - Hypertension Research
JF - Hypertension Research
SN - 0916-9636
IS - 11
ER -