TY - JOUR
T1 - Generation of active fragments from human zymogens in the brady kinin-generating cascade by extracellular proteases from Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus
AU - Miyoshi, Shin Ichi
AU - Watanabe, Hirofumi
AU - Kawase, Tomoka
AU - Yamada, Hidenori
AU - Shinoda, Sumio
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
PY - 2004/12/15
Y1 - 2004/12/15
N2 - Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing septicemia, and the infection is characterized by formation of the edematous skin lesions on limbs. This pathogenic species secretes a thermolysin-like metalloprotease as a virulence determinant. The metalloprotease was confirmed to activate human factor XII-plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade that results in liberation of bradykinin, a chemical mediator enhancing the vascular permeability, from high-molecular weight kininogen. Namely, the metalloprotease showed to generate active fragments by cleavage of Arg-Ile, Arg-Val or Gly-Leu peptide bond in human zymogens (plasma prekallikrein and factor XII). In spite of induction of the sufficient vascular permeability-enhancing and edema-forming reaction in the guinea pig model, a serine protease from V. parahaemolyticus, a human pathogen causing primarily watery diarrhea, showed far less ability to activate and to cleave the human zymogens. These results in part may explain why only V. vulnificus often causes serious edematous skin damages in humans.
AB - Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing septicemia, and the infection is characterized by formation of the edematous skin lesions on limbs. This pathogenic species secretes a thermolysin-like metalloprotease as a virulence determinant. The metalloprotease was confirmed to activate human factor XII-plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade that results in liberation of bradykinin, a chemical mediator enhancing the vascular permeability, from high-molecular weight kininogen. Namely, the metalloprotease showed to generate active fragments by cleavage of Arg-Ile, Arg-Val or Gly-Leu peptide bond in human zymogens (plasma prekallikrein and factor XII). In spite of induction of the sufficient vascular permeability-enhancing and edema-forming reaction in the guinea pig model, a serine protease from V. parahaemolyticus, a human pathogen causing primarily watery diarrhea, showed far less ability to activate and to cleave the human zymogens. These results in part may explain why only V. vulnificus often causes serious edematous skin damages in humans.
KW - Factor XII, Plasma prekallikrein
KW - Protease
KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus
KW - Vibrio vulnificus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=8644230794&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=8644230794&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.08.013
DO - 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.08.013
M3 - Article
C2 - 15530971
AN - SCOPUS:8644230794
VL - 44
SP - 887
EP - 893
JO - Toxicon
JF - Toxicon
SN - 0041-0101
IS - 8
ER -