Flow drag reduction and heat transfer characteristics of water flow with fibrous material in a straight pipe

Some kinds of surfactants are useful to reduce flow drag in a turbulent pipe flow by Toms effect. However, it needs a lot of cost to make these surfactant harmless material to the environment. On the other hand, the fibrous substance such as pulp fibers and cellulose are harmless additives to the environment. This paper has dealt with the flow drag reduction and heat transfer characteristics of the water suspension'flow mixed with fine fibers in a straight pipe. Measurements of velocity and temperature profile in a circular pipe flow were made in order to examine the flow drag and heat transfer characteristics of the turbulent and laminar flow. The nondimensional equations of pipe flow resistance and heat transfer were derived in terms of various nondimensional parameters.