Fitts’ Modeling of Pointing Time in Eye-gaze Input System that Takes into Account the Effects of Target Shape and Display Location on Pointing Performance

This study aimed at investigating the effects of the target shape, the movement distance, the target size, and the direction of target presentation on the pointing performance using an eye-gaze input system. The target shape, the target size, the movement distance, and the direction of target presentation were within-subject experimental variables. The target shape included: diamond, circle, rectangle, and square. The direction of target presentation included eight directions: upper, lower, left, right, upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right. It has been explored what type of cursor shape is suitable for eye-gaze input interfaces. On the basis of the data for identifying the effects of the aspect ratio of a target and the movement direction on the pointing time, an attempt was made to develop a generalized and extended Fitts’ model that took into account the movement direction and the shape of a target. As a result, the generalized and extended model was found to fit better to the experimental data.