TY - JOUR
T1 - Fine mapping and epistatic interactions of the vernalization gene VRN-D4 in hexaploid wheat
AU - Kippes, Nestor
AU - Zhu, Jie
AU - Chen, Andrew
AU - Vanzetti, Leonardo
AU - Lukaszewski, Adam
AU - Nishida, Hidetaka
AU - Kato, Kenji
AU - Dvorak, Jan
AU - Dubcovsky, Jorge
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments This project was supported by the National Research Initiative (Grants 2011-67013-30077 and 2011-68002-30029) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation grant GBMF3031, and Grant-in-Aids for Young Scientists (B) (23780005) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). We are grateful to Dr. Takashi Matsumoto at NIAS in Tsukuba, Japan, for screening Chinese Spring BAC library and providing a positive clone including TaVIL-D1.
PY - 2014/2
Y1 - 2014/2
N2 - Wheat vernalization requirement is mainly controlled by the VRN1, VRN2, VRN3, and VRN4 genes. The first three have been cloned and have homoeologs in all three genomes. VRN4 has been found only in the D genome (VRN-D4) and has not been cloned. We constructed a high-density genetic map of the VRN-D4 region and mapped VRN-D4 within a 0.09 cM interval in the centromeric region of chromosome 5D. Using telocentric 5D chromosomes generated from the VRN-D4 donor Triple Dirk F, we determined that VRN-D4 is located on the short arm. The VRN-D4 candidate region is colinear with a 2.24 Mb region on Brachypodium distachyon chromosome 4, which includes 127 predicted genes. Ten of these genes have predicted roles in development but we detected no functional polymorphisms associated to VRN-D4. Two recombination events separated VRN-D4 from TaVIL-D1, the wheat homolog of Arabidopsis vernalization gene VIL1, confirming that this gene is not a candidate for VRN-D4. We detected significant interactions between VRN-D4 and other four genes controlling vernalization requirement (Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1, and Vrn-B3), which confirmed that VRN-D4 is part of the vernalization pathway and that it is either upstream or is part of the regulatory feedback loop involving VRN1, VRN2 and VRN3 genes. The precise mapping of VRN-D4 and the characterization of its interactions with other vernalization genes provide valuable information for the utilization of VRN-D4 in wheat improvement and for our current efforts to clone this vernalization gene.
AB - Wheat vernalization requirement is mainly controlled by the VRN1, VRN2, VRN3, and VRN4 genes. The first three have been cloned and have homoeologs in all three genomes. VRN4 has been found only in the D genome (VRN-D4) and has not been cloned. We constructed a high-density genetic map of the VRN-D4 region and mapped VRN-D4 within a 0.09 cM interval in the centromeric region of chromosome 5D. Using telocentric 5D chromosomes generated from the VRN-D4 donor Triple Dirk F, we determined that VRN-D4 is located on the short arm. The VRN-D4 candidate region is colinear with a 2.24 Mb region on Brachypodium distachyon chromosome 4, which includes 127 predicted genes. Ten of these genes have predicted roles in development but we detected no functional polymorphisms associated to VRN-D4. Two recombination events separated VRN-D4 from TaVIL-D1, the wheat homolog of Arabidopsis vernalization gene VIL1, confirming that this gene is not a candidate for VRN-D4. We detected significant interactions between VRN-D4 and other four genes controlling vernalization requirement (Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1, and Vrn-B3), which confirmed that VRN-D4 is part of the vernalization pathway and that it is either upstream or is part of the regulatory feedback loop involving VRN1, VRN2 and VRN3 genes. The precise mapping of VRN-D4 and the characterization of its interactions with other vernalization genes provide valuable information for the utilization of VRN-D4 in wheat improvement and for our current efforts to clone this vernalization gene.
KW - Flowering
KW - Genetic mapping
KW - VIL
KW - VRN-D4
KW - VRN1
KW - Vernalization
KW - Wheat
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U2 - 10.1007/s00438-013-0788-y
DO - 10.1007/s00438-013-0788-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 24213553
AN - SCOPUS:84895874996
VL - 289
SP - 47
EP - 62
JO - Zeitschrift für Induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungslehre
JF - Zeitschrift für Induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungslehre
SN - 1617-4615
IS - 1
ER -