Findings of Retrograde Contrast Study through Double-balloon Enteroscopy Predict the Risk of Bowel Resections in Patients with Crohn's Disease with Small Bowel Stenosis

Background: Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) with small bowel strictures are at risk of surgery. Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) can evaluate the status of the small intestine, and retrograde contrast through the scope enables the surgeon to obtain information beyond the reach of the scope. This study aimed to examine whether a retrograde contrast study through DBE could be used as a predictor of subsequent surgery in patients with CD with small intestinal strictures. Methods: The findings of DBE with retrograde contrast in 48 patients CD with small bowel strictures were examined. Results: Of the 48 patients, 14 (29%) underwent surgery for small intestinal strictures during a median observation period of 2.4 years (interquartile range: 1.4–3.7 yr). According to the results of the multivariate analysis, a maximum length of strictures $20 mm and the ratio of the maximum diameter of prestenotic dilations to the diameter of the normal small intestine $1.4 were independent risk factors of surgery for small intestinal strictures (risk ratio ¼ 7.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.8–42.0], P ¼ 0.006; and risk ratio ¼ 52.0 [95% confidence interval, 3.5–2485.1], P ¼ 0.002, respectively). The latter predicted subsequent surgery with 92% sensitivity and 88% specificity. Cumulative surgery-free rates were discriminated significantly according to the presence or absence of these 2 risk factors (log-rank test: P , 0.001). Conclusions: Findings of retrograde contrast through DBE are helpful to predict risk of surgery in patients with CD with small intestinal strictures.