TY - JOUR
T1 - Evolution of the Grain Dispersal System in Barley
AU - Pourkheirandish, Mohammad
AU - Hensel, Goetz
AU - Kilian, Benjamin
AU - Senthil, Natesan
AU - Chen, Guoxiong
AU - Sameri, Mohammad
AU - Azhaguvel, Perumal
AU - Sakuma, Shun
AU - Dhanagond, Sidram
AU - Sharma, Rajiv
AU - Mascher, Martin
AU - Himmelbach, Axel
AU - Gottwald, Sven
AU - Nair, Sudha K.
AU - Tagiri, Akemi
AU - Yukuhiro, Fumiko
AU - Nagamura, Yoshiaki
AU - Kanamori, Hiroyuki
AU - Matsumoto, Takashi
AU - Willcox, George
AU - Middleton, Christopher P.
AU - Wicker, Thomas
AU - Walther, Alexander
AU - Waugh, Robbie
AU - Fincher, Geoffrey B.
AU - Stein, Nils
AU - Kumlehn, Jochen
AU - Sato, Kazuhiro
AU - Komatsuda, Takao
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank M. Ashikari, T. Izawa, M. Yano, J.F. Ma, and Y. Mano for reading the manuscript, T.R. Endo, A. Graner, R.v. Bothmer, F.R. Blattner, N. Sentoku, N. Wang, and A. Fukuda for helpful discussions, K. Mayer and M. Pfeifer for investigating synteny in model grass genomes. We wish to thank R. Burton, M. Henderson, Hweit-Ting Tan, and N. Hara for their skilled technical assistance with the microscopy, H. Koyama and J. Keilwagen for their assistance in sequence alignment, W. Weissgerber and all technicians, field staff, and students for their excellent technical assistance. We thank J. Russell and I.K. Dawson for manually curating geographic coordinates of barley accessions and D. Stengel for sequence data submission. We are grateful to K. Takeda, J. Valkoun, H. Özkan, E. Fridman, S. Hübner, S. Jakob, S. Shaaf, B. Steffenson, H. Hirabayashi, the German Federal ex situ Genebank at Gatersleben, the National BioResource Project of Japan, the USDA National Plant Germplasm System and Agricultural Research Service, the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), and the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Cologne, for providing grain/DNA/information related to the barley accessions. The authors acknowledge financial support given by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (CREST) to K.S. and T.K., by the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science to M.P., C.G., S.K.N., P.A., N. Senthil, and T.K., by the German Science Foundation Priority Programme SPP1530 to B.K., by the Australian Research Council for its long term support of our cell wall research programs to G.B.F., and by NIAS Tsukuba and IPK Gatersleben. R.W. acknowledges support from The University of Dundee and the James Hutton Institute .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2015/8/1
Y1 - 2015/8/1
N2 - About 12,000 years ago in the Near East, humans began the transition from hunter-gathering to agriculture-based societies. Barley was a founder crop in this process, and the most important steps in its domestication were mutations in two adjacent, dominant, and complementary genes, through which grains were retained on the inflorescence at maturity, enabling effective harvesting. Independent recessive mutations in each of these genes caused cell wall thickening in a highly specific grain "disarticulation zone," converting the brittle floral axis (the rachis) of the wild-type into a tough, non-brittle form that promoted grain retention. By tracing the evolutionary history of allelic variation in both genes, we conclude that spatially and temporally independent selections of germplasm with a non-brittle rachis were made during the domestication of barley by farmers in the southern and northern regions of the Levant, actions that made a major contribution to the emergence of early agrarian societies.
AB - About 12,000 years ago in the Near East, humans began the transition from hunter-gathering to agriculture-based societies. Barley was a founder crop in this process, and the most important steps in its domestication were mutations in two adjacent, dominant, and complementary genes, through which grains were retained on the inflorescence at maturity, enabling effective harvesting. Independent recessive mutations in each of these genes caused cell wall thickening in a highly specific grain "disarticulation zone," converting the brittle floral axis (the rachis) of the wild-type into a tough, non-brittle form that promoted grain retention. By tracing the evolutionary history of allelic variation in both genes, we conclude that spatially and temporally independent selections of germplasm with a non-brittle rachis were made during the domestication of barley by farmers in the southern and northern regions of the Levant, actions that made a major contribution to the emergence of early agrarian societies.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.002
DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 26232223
AN - SCOPUS:84938409570
VL - 162
SP - 527
EP - 539
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
SN - 0092-8674
IS - 3
ER -