TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimation of intradermal disposition kinetics of drugs
T2 - II. Factors determining penetration of drugs from viable skin to muscular layer
AU - Higaki, Kazutaka
AU - Asai, Masahide
AU - Suyama, Takayuki
AU - Nakayama, Kazuki
AU - Ogawara, Ken-ichi
AU - Kimura, Toshikiro
PY - 2002/6/4
Y1 - 2002/6/4
N2 - To develop a more efficient transdermal delivery system, it is very important to regulate the intradermal disposition of drugs after topical application. We tried to elucidate the factors determining the intradermal disposition kinetics, especially drug penetration from the viable skin to the muscular layer, mainly based on the six-compartment model, including the contralateral skin and muscle for ten model drugs with different physicochemical characteristics. In vivo transdermal absorption study was performed for six model drugs using the stripped-skin rats. The fitting analyses by the six-compartment model gave the theoretical curves describing the observed data very well and the reasonable pharmacokinetic parameters, showing the pharmacokinetic model should be useful for the estimation of the intradermal disposition kinetics of drugs applied topically again. The simulation study using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained above could show the relative contribution of the direct penetration and the distribution from the systemic circulation to the muscular distribution of drugs. The largest contribution of direct penetration was observed for antipyrine (90.8%) and the smallest was for felbinac (43.3%). Among the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained above, the clearance from the viable skin to the muscle (CLvs-m) was found to be significantly correlated with the unbound fraction of drugs in the viable skin (fuvs). Although the clearance from the viable skin to the plasma (CLvs-p) also tended to increase as fuvs increased, the ratio of CLvs-m to CLvs-p was significantly correlated with fuvs, meaning that the larger amount of unbound drug in the viable skin significantly contributes to the direct penetration into the muscle more than to the systemic absorption. On the other hand, kdirect values obtained in in vitro penetration study - the penetration rate constant of drugs from the viable skin to the muscular layer - were found to be correlated with CLvs-m values for seven model drugs. Therefore, adding the in vitro experiments for the other three model drugs, the multiple linear regression analysis of kdirect was performed for ten model drugs in terms of fuvs, logarithm of the partition coefficient (LogP) and molecular weight. The results clearly showed the largest and significant contribution of fuvs to the direct penetration of drugs from the viable skin to the muscular layer, indicating that a drug with the higher value of fuvs in the viable skin can penetrate more into the muscular layer.
AB - To develop a more efficient transdermal delivery system, it is very important to regulate the intradermal disposition of drugs after topical application. We tried to elucidate the factors determining the intradermal disposition kinetics, especially drug penetration from the viable skin to the muscular layer, mainly based on the six-compartment model, including the contralateral skin and muscle for ten model drugs with different physicochemical characteristics. In vivo transdermal absorption study was performed for six model drugs using the stripped-skin rats. The fitting analyses by the six-compartment model gave the theoretical curves describing the observed data very well and the reasonable pharmacokinetic parameters, showing the pharmacokinetic model should be useful for the estimation of the intradermal disposition kinetics of drugs applied topically again. The simulation study using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained above could show the relative contribution of the direct penetration and the distribution from the systemic circulation to the muscular distribution of drugs. The largest contribution of direct penetration was observed for antipyrine (90.8%) and the smallest was for felbinac (43.3%). Among the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained above, the clearance from the viable skin to the muscle (CLvs-m) was found to be significantly correlated with the unbound fraction of drugs in the viable skin (fuvs). Although the clearance from the viable skin to the plasma (CLvs-p) also tended to increase as fuvs increased, the ratio of CLvs-m to CLvs-p was significantly correlated with fuvs, meaning that the larger amount of unbound drug in the viable skin significantly contributes to the direct penetration into the muscle more than to the systemic absorption. On the other hand, kdirect values obtained in in vitro penetration study - the penetration rate constant of drugs from the viable skin to the muscular layer - were found to be correlated with CLvs-m values for seven model drugs. Therefore, adding the in vitro experiments for the other three model drugs, the multiple linear regression analysis of kdirect was performed for ten model drugs in terms of fuvs, logarithm of the partition coefficient (LogP) and molecular weight. The results clearly showed the largest and significant contribution of fuvs to the direct penetration of drugs from the viable skin to the muscular layer, indicating that a drug with the higher value of fuvs in the viable skin can penetrate more into the muscular layer.
KW - Distribution from systemic circulation
KW - Intradermal disposition
KW - Multiregression analysis
KW - Penetration into muscular layer
KW - Systemic absorption
KW - Unbound fraction
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U2 - 10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00084-4
DO - 10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00084-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 12052698
AN - SCOPUS:0037018957
VL - 239
SP - 129
EP - 141
JO - International Journal of Pharmaceutics
JF - International Journal of Pharmaceutics
SN - 0378-5173
IS - 1-2
ER -