@article{118c08ef8cb440909628030a047de98d,
title = "Distinct gene expression profiles between primary breast cancers and brain metastases from pair-matched samples",
abstract = "Our objectives were to determine whether clinic-pathological markers and immune-related gene signatures in breast cancer exhibit any change upon brain metastasis and whether previously reported genes significantly associated with brain metastases and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were reproducible and consistent in our dataset. Sixteen pair-matched samples from primary breast cancers and brain metastases diagnosed were collected from the Japan Clinical Oncology Group Breast Cancer Study Group. Gene expression profiles for immune-, brain metastases-, and EMT-related genes were compared between primary breast cancers and brain metastases. Potential therapeutic target genes of 41 FDA-approved or under-investigation agents for brain metastases were explored. Immune-related signatures exhibited significantly lower gene expression in brain metastases than in primary breast cancers. No significant differences were detected for the majority of genes associated with brain metastases and EMT in the two groups. Among 41 therapeutic target candidates, VEGFA and DNMT3A demonstrated significantly higher gene expression in brain metastases. We found that distinct patterns of gene expression exist between primary breast cancers and brain metastases. Further studies are needed to explore whether these distinct expression profiles derive from or underlie disease status and compare these features between metastases to the brain and other sites.",
author = "Takayuki Iwamoto and Naoki Niikura and Rin Ogiya and Hiroyuki Yasojima and Watanabe, {Ken ichi} and Chizuko Kanbayashi and Michiko Tsuneizumi and Akira Matsui and Tomomi Fujisawa and Tsutomu Iwasa and Tadahiko Shien and Shigehira Saji and Norikazu Masuda and Hiroji Iwata",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank the patients, investigators, and institutions involved in this study. We would also like to thank Support Center for Medical Research and Education, for technical assistance. We would also like to thank Editage (www. editage.jp) for English language editing. This research was partially supported by, JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers 18K16266, the Practical Research for Innovative Cancer Control (18ck0106307h0002) from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund (26-A-4). Funding Information: Competing Interests: S.S: Grants and personal fees from Eisai, Chugai, Astra Zeneca, Takeda, Novartis Nihon Kayaku and Taiho. Personal fees from Kyowahakko Kirin, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo. Grants from Ono, outside the submitted work. NM: Honoraria from Chugai, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Eli-Lilly, Eisai and Takeda. Research funding from Chugai, AstraZeneca, Kyowa-Kirin, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Eli-Lilly, Eisai and Daiichi Sankyo. Board of directors: Japan Breast Cancer Research Group Association. Relevant financial activities outside the submitted work. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s).",
year = "2019",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41598-019-50099-y",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}