TY - JOUR
T1 - Direct evidence of nucleation during the induction period of polyethylene crystallization by SAXS
AU - Hikosaka, Masamichi
AU - Yamazaki, Shinichi
AU - Wataoka, Isao
AU - Das, Narayan Ch
AU - Okada, Kiyoka
AU - Toda, Akihiko
AU - Inoue, Katsuaki
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are grateful to Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K for supplying the nucleating agent, NA-11SF, and to Mr. Motoki Arakaki of Hiroshima University for his help in experiments and analyses. The authors also thank Dr. Zdenek Kozisek of Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, for his helpful discussions. This work was partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas B2 (No.12127205) and Scientific Research A2 (No.12305062). The authors are also grateful to SPring8 (SP8) at JASRI in Harima and Photon Factory (PF) at KEK in Tsukuba for supporting this SAXS experiment.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2003
Y1 - 2003
N2 - Direct evidence that nuclei are formed during the induction period of crystallization is obtained for the first time by means of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Polyethylene (PE) was used as a model crystalline polymer. The nucleating agent was mixed with PE in order to increase the scattering intensity Ix from nuclei as large as 104 times bigger than usual. Ix increased soon after quenching to the crystallization temperature from the melt and saturated after some time. A new theory is proposed to estimate the size of the nuclei N, the number density distribution of nuclei with N at time t, f(t,N), and the induction time τi, by analyzing the SAXS scattering intensity. The volume-averaged size of the nuclei was nearly the same as that of critical nuclei and does not change so much with time during the induction period. Lamellae start stacking much later than nuclei start forming.
AB - Direct evidence that nuclei are formed during the induction period of crystallization is obtained for the first time by means of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Polyethylene (PE) was used as a model crystalline polymer. The nucleating agent was mixed with PE in order to increase the scattering intensity Ix from nuclei as large as 104 times bigger than usual. Ix increased soon after quenching to the crystallization temperature from the melt and saturated after some time. A new theory is proposed to estimate the size of the nuclei N, the number density distribution of nuclei with N at time t, f(t,N), and the induction time τi, by analyzing the SAXS scattering intensity. The volume-averaged size of the nuclei was nearly the same as that of critical nuclei and does not change so much with time during the induction period. Lamellae start stacking much later than nuclei start forming.
KW - Degree of supercooling
KW - Induction period
KW - Nucleation
KW - Nucleus
KW - Polyethylene
KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering
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U2 - 10.1081/mb-120021610
DO - 10.1081/mb-120021610
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0041428221
VL - 42 B
SP - 847
EP - 865
JO - Journal of Macromolecular Science - Physics
JF - Journal of Macromolecular Science - Physics
SN - 0022-2348
IS - 3-4 SPEC.
ER -