Diagnostic techniques and treatment option for ocular motility disorder

Patients with diplopia or oscillopsia have ocular motility disorders. In patients suspected of having diplopia or oscillopsia, it is essential to perform clinical examinations, required examinations, differential diagnosis, treatment, and surgery. Binocular diplopia and oscillopsia may be due to disease of the paretic strabismus, medial longitudinal fasciculus syndrome, one-and-a-half syndrome, ocular tilt reaction, immune-mediated neurological disorders（multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis）, mechanical eye movement disorders（thyroid ophthalmopathy, progressive esotropia, and sagging eye syndrome）, immunoglobulin G4-related disease, nystagmus, nystagmoid abnormal eye movements（opsoclonus and superior oblique myokymia）, and other diseases related to ocular motility. Below I will discuss helpful techniques used in general practice requiring limited clinical equipment. These techniques do not require expensive equipment. The diagnostic techniques can be used to distinguish diseases related to ocular motility.