Cutaneous presentation of nasal/nasal type T/NK cell lymphoma: Clinicopathological findings of four cases

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated T/natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma mainly shows nasal lesions, and has recently been shown to be associated with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The detailed features of CTCL nasal metastasis have yet to be elucidated. We report clinicopathological findings for four cases of cutaneous T/NK cell lymphoma with metastasis to the nose. The four patients presented progressive involvement of nasal lesions of CTCL, an aggressive course and poor outcome. Their pathological and immunohistological findings were consistent with peripheral T/NK cell neoplasm and, in three of four cases, EBER-1 were apparently detected in lymphoma cells by in situ hybridization, and two of four cases were also positive for TIA-1. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed the identical band from the skin and nasal lesions of the two patients. We also reviewed the cases of similar clinical course and attempted to elucidate clinical, pathological, immunological and genotypic features. The 10 reported cutaneous T/NK cell lymphomas with nasal metastasis revealed a poor prognosis (nine of 10 died at 3-108 months). Six cases of nine showed a positive reaction to EBV, and six cases revealed T-cell receptor β or -γ rearrangement. These findings suggest that most cutaneous T/NK cell lymphoma with nasal metastasis are similar to nasal T-cell lymphoma associated with EBV infection. This type of cutaneous T/NK cell lymphoma likely to involve nasal lesions and skin cases seemed to have a poor prognosis.