TY - JOUR
T1 - Chemical and boron isotopic variations of tourmaline in the Hnilec granite-related hydrothermal system, Slovakia
T2 - Constraints on magmatic and metamorphic fluid evolution
AU - Jiang, Shao Yong
AU - Radvanec, Martin
AU - Nakamura, Eizo
AU - Palmer, Martin
AU - Kobayashi, Katsura
AU - Zhao, Hai Xiang
AU - Zhao, Kui Dong
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a grant (no. 40221301) from the China National Science Foundation, a project of metallogenic evaluation of the area of Slovak Republic of the Geological Survey of Slovak Republic and a project from Slovak Research and Development Agency (no. APVT-20-016104), and a program for the Center of Excellence for the 21st Century in Japan. Many thanks to Drs Ian Buick, Horst Marschall, and an anonymous reviewer who provided very useful reviews and suggestions that improved this paper significantly.
PY - 2008/11
Y1 - 2008/11
N2 - Multi-stage formation of tourmaline occurs in the Hnilec granite-related hydrothermal tin mineralisation system from the Western Carpathians, Slovakia. The tourmalines belong to the schorl-dravite series and have two major stages of formation: the majority crystallized during the first stage (defined as M-stage), forming zoned tourmaline crystals with the cores being generally more Fe, Al, and Mn rich than the rims. During the second stage (defined as L-stage), tourmaline formed as small veins or irregular patches along fractures and cracks in the M-stage tourmaline grains. In the contact metapelites near the granite body, the L-stage tourmalines are more Mg-rich and Fe, Al, Mn depleted than the M-stage tourmalines. In the granites, the L-stage tourmalines have generally similar compositions to those of the M-stage tourmaline rims. The boron isotopic compositions of the M-stage tourmalines vary from - 10.3‰ to - 15.4‰; with no clear variation between the cores and the rims, however, some of the tourmaline grains from the contact metapelites show a slightly higher δ11B in the cores than in the rims. The L-stage tourmalines have lower δ11B value of - 16.0‰ to - 17.1‰. We suggest that these trends reflect a changing fluid source from a dominant magmatic-hydrothermal fluid derived from the granites to a late-stage metamorphic fluid derived from the regional metamorphism (chlorite and biotite zone) in the metapelites. The significantly higher Fe3+ in the L-stage than the M-stage tourmalines reflect changing redox conditions towards a more oxidising environment. This redox condition change may have important implications for the hydrothermal tin mineralisation in the area.
AB - Multi-stage formation of tourmaline occurs in the Hnilec granite-related hydrothermal tin mineralisation system from the Western Carpathians, Slovakia. The tourmalines belong to the schorl-dravite series and have two major stages of formation: the majority crystallized during the first stage (defined as M-stage), forming zoned tourmaline crystals with the cores being generally more Fe, Al, and Mn rich than the rims. During the second stage (defined as L-stage), tourmaline formed as small veins or irregular patches along fractures and cracks in the M-stage tourmaline grains. In the contact metapelites near the granite body, the L-stage tourmalines are more Mg-rich and Fe, Al, Mn depleted than the M-stage tourmalines. In the granites, the L-stage tourmalines have generally similar compositions to those of the M-stage tourmaline rims. The boron isotopic compositions of the M-stage tourmalines vary from - 10.3‰ to - 15.4‰; with no clear variation between the cores and the rims, however, some of the tourmaline grains from the contact metapelites show a slightly higher δ11B in the cores than in the rims. The L-stage tourmalines have lower δ11B value of - 16.0‰ to - 17.1‰. We suggest that these trends reflect a changing fluid source from a dominant magmatic-hydrothermal fluid derived from the granites to a late-stage metamorphic fluid derived from the regional metamorphism (chlorite and biotite zone) in the metapelites. The significantly higher Fe3+ in the L-stage than the M-stage tourmalines reflect changing redox conditions towards a more oxidising environment. This redox condition change may have important implications for the hydrothermal tin mineralisation in the area.
KW - Boron isotopes
KW - Hydrothermal mineralisation
KW - Magmatic
KW - Metamorphic
KW - Tourmaline
KW - Western Carpathia
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U2 - 10.1016/j.lithos.2008.04.004
DO - 10.1016/j.lithos.2008.04.004
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:54249155107
VL - 106
SP - 1
EP - 11
JO - Lithos
JF - Lithos
SN - 0024-4937
IS - 1-2
ER -