Characteristics of the runway model of intracranial self-stimulation behavior and comparison with other motivated behaviors

Motivation incorporates several psychological aspects that produce reward-related and learning behaviors. Although reward-related behavior is reported to be mediated by the dopaminergic reward pathway, the involvement of dopaminergic systems in motivated behavior has not been fully clarified.Several experimental methodologies for motivational behavior have been reported, but pharmacological characteristics seem to vary among these methodologies. In this review, we attempt to summarize three main concepts: (1) the relationship of dopamine neuron physiology with motivated behavior, (2) the pharmacological characteristics of the runway intracranial self-stimulation model, and (3) the behavioral distinction of disparate motivated behaviors.