Changes of pre-Sl and pre-S2 antigens in sera of patients with hepatitis B virus infection

Polypeptides encoded by the pre-Sl and pre-S2 genes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (pre-Sl antigen and pre-S2 antigen) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 137 serum samples of patients with HBV infection. The HBV-DNA level closely correlated with the titer of pre-S antigens. However, HBV-DNA levels more closely correlated with the titer of the pre-Sl antigen [HBV-asymptomatic carrier (ASC): n=40, r=0.800, P<0.01; chronic hepatitis B (CH): n=60, r=0.730, P<0.01] than with the titer of the pre-S2 antigen [ASC: r=0.675, P<0.01; CH: r=0.575,P<0.01]. Thirty patients with CH, in whom hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg) was cleared after acute exacerbation (AE) [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level> 200 IU/L] and the ALT level normalized, were followed for 12 months and classified into two groups: Group 1, those in whom HBeAg reappeared with an elevated ALT level within 12 months, and Group 2, those in whom HBeAg was persistently cleared from the serum and a normal ALT level continued. Of the 30 patients, 24 (80%) were classifed into Group 1 and 6 (20%) were classified into Group 2. Changes in serum levels of HBV markers a month before and after AE were observed. The HBV-DNA level and DNA-P activity became negative after AE in both groups. The titer of pre-Sl antigen also decreased after AE, and no significant differences were observed between Group 1 and Group 2. In contrast, the titer of pre-82 antigen and pAR activity decreased more significantly in Group 2 than in Group 1. These results suggest that the detection of the pre-S2 antigen and pAR activity in sera seems to be more useful as a prognostic test for patients with HBV infection than the detection of pre-Sl antigen, HBV-DNA, DNA-P or HBeAg.