Bone and Calcium Metabolisms Associated with Dental and Oral-Maxillofacial Diseases. Orthodontic treatment and the role of osteocytes

Tooth movement accompanies the active morphological changes of the alveolar bone that was applied mechanical force via teeth. Coordination of initial changes of periodontal membrane and subsequent bone remodeling produce dramatic tooth alignment. It is well known small bone cells support this dynamic change of tooth movement. Especially, osteocytes are thought to be mechanosensor cells in bone remodeling. This review focuses on the bone remodeling during tooth movement as well as molecular events of osteocytes in RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. In addition, dynamics of DMP-1, MEPE and Sclerostin during orthodontic tooth movement are discussed with published literature.