Biogenic amine production in grass, maize and total mixed ration silages inoculated with Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri

Aims: To investigate the effects of inoculating Lactobacillus casei or Lacobacillus buchneri on the production of biogenic amines (BA) in silage. Methods and Results: Wilted festulolium (Lolium perenne × Festuca pratensis), whole crop maize or a total mixed ration, consisting of wet brewer grains, lucerne hay, cracked maize, sugarbeet pulp, soyabean meal and molasses, was ensiled with or without the inoculation of either L. casei (>10 ⁶ CFU g^-1) or L. buchneri (>10⁶ CFU g ^-1). Silages were opened after 60 days of storage, and the concentrations of histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine were determined. The inoculation of L. casei decreased all the BA regardless of the silage type. The effects of L. buchneri varied between the three silages; the tyramine and putrescine were increased in maize but were lowered in festulolium. Histamine was reduced in festulolium and the by-products, whereas no change was found in the maize silage. None of the inoculant strains produced the four BA in a synthetic medium, accounting for the actual ensiling except for tyramine and putrescine in maize. Conclusions: Wide variation would be found in the production of BA owing to the ensiling materials. The inoculation of L. casei can lower the BA concentration, while the effects of L. buchneri may vary considerably. The screening of BA-producing activity may help to reduce the risk of BA contamination in inoculated silage. Significance and Impact of the Study: Strains of decarboxylase-negative L. buchneri can enhance the aerobic stability of silage without a concern regarding the large production of putrefactive BA.