Association Between Physician Empathy and Difficult Patient Encounters: a Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Physicians frequently experience patients as difficult. Our study explores whether more empathetic physicians experience fewer patient encounters as difficult. Objective: To investigate the association between physician empathy and difficult patient encounters (DPEs). Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: Participants were 18 generalist physicians with 3–8 years of experience. The investigation was conducted from August–September 2018 and April–May 2019 at six healthcare facilities. Main Measures: Based on the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) scores, we classified physicians into low and high empathy groups. The physicians completed the Difficult Doctor-Patient Relationship Questionnaire-10 (DDPRQ-10) after each patient visit. Scores ≥ 31 on the DDPRQ-10 indicated DPEs. We implemented multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models to examine the association between physicians’ empathy and DPE, adjusting for patient-level covariates (age, sex, history of mental disorders) and with physician-level clustering. Key Results: The median JSE score was 114 (range: 96–126), and physicians with JSE scores 96–113 and 114–126 were assigned to low and high empathy groups, respectively (n = 8 and 10 each); 240 and 344 patients were examined by physicians in the low and high empathy groups, respectively. Among low empathy physicians, 23% of encounters were considered difficulty, compared to 11% among high empathy groups (OR: 0.37; 95% CI = 0.19–0.72, p = 0.004). JSE scores and DDPRQ-10 scores were negatively correlated (r = −0.22, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Empathetic physicians were less likely to experience encounters as difficult. Empathy appears to be an important component of physician perception of encounter difficulty.