TY - JOUR
T1 - 3CB2, a marker of radial glia, expression after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage
T2 - Role of thrombin
AU - Nakamura, Takehiro
AU - Miyamoto, Osamu
AU - Toyoshima, Tetsuhiko
AU - Hirooka, Kazuyuki
AU - Kawai, Nobuyuki
AU - Shiraga, Fumio
AU - Tamiya, Takashi
AU - Xi, Guohua
AU - Keep, Richard F.
AU - Itano, Toshifumi
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science.
Copyright:
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2008/8/21
Y1 - 2008/8/21
N2 - The current study examined 3CB2, a marker of radial glia, expression after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intracerebral thrombin injection. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intracaudate injection of 100 μl autologous whole blood or 5 U thrombin (50 μl). Animals were sacrificed for Western blotting to quantify 3CB2 expression, and for single and double labeling immunohistochemistry to identify which cells express 3CB2. Behavioral examinations (forelimb placing test and corner turn test) were performed as an evaluation of function. By Western blot analysis, 3CB2 was strongly expressed at day 3 and the expression persisted for at least 1 month. Intracerebral injection of thrombin also upregulated 3CB2. Hirudin, a thrombin inhibitor, reduced ICH-induced 3CB2 expression. By immunohistochemistry, 3CB2 immunoreactivity was present in large numbers of glial cells surrounding the hematoma at 1 day after ICH. One month later, 3CB2 immunoreactivity was co-localized with a neuronal precursor marker, TUC-4. ICH-induced behavioral deficits were severe at 1, 3 and 7 days, with recovery at 1 month. The forelimb placing test score paralleled changes in 3CB2 expression. ICH-induced 3CB2 expression in glial cells may reflect an early response of these cells to injury, while the delayed expression in neurons might be a part of the adaptative response to injury perhaps participating in recovery of function. Thrombin has a role in 3CB2 expression in ICH.
AB - The current study examined 3CB2, a marker of radial glia, expression after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intracerebral thrombin injection. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intracaudate injection of 100 μl autologous whole blood or 5 U thrombin (50 μl). Animals were sacrificed for Western blotting to quantify 3CB2 expression, and for single and double labeling immunohistochemistry to identify which cells express 3CB2. Behavioral examinations (forelimb placing test and corner turn test) were performed as an evaluation of function. By Western blot analysis, 3CB2 was strongly expressed at day 3 and the expression persisted for at least 1 month. Intracerebral injection of thrombin also upregulated 3CB2. Hirudin, a thrombin inhibitor, reduced ICH-induced 3CB2 expression. By immunohistochemistry, 3CB2 immunoreactivity was present in large numbers of glial cells surrounding the hematoma at 1 day after ICH. One month later, 3CB2 immunoreactivity was co-localized with a neuronal precursor marker, TUC-4. ICH-induced behavioral deficits were severe at 1, 3 and 7 days, with recovery at 1 month. The forelimb placing test score paralleled changes in 3CB2 expression. ICH-induced 3CB2 expression in glial cells may reflect an early response of these cells to injury, while the delayed expression in neurons might be a part of the adaptative response to injury perhaps participating in recovery of function. Thrombin has a role in 3CB2 expression in ICH.
KW - 3CB2
KW - Behavior
KW - Intracerebral hemorrhage
KW - Radial glia
KW - Rat
KW - Thrombin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=48849087233&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=48849087233&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.074
DO - 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.074
M3 - Article
C2 - 18582441
AN - SCOPUS:48849087233
VL - 1226
SP - 156
EP - 162
JO - Molecular Brain Research
JF - Molecular Brain Research
SN - 0006-8993
ER -